A 28-Year-Old Man Is Hospitalized Following a Motor Vehicle Collision

A 28-year-old man is hospitalized following a motor vehicle collision complicated by severe hemorrhage.  Over the next 8 hours his urine output is markedly decreased.  Laboratory results reveal elevated blood urea nitrogen.  The patient is given aggressive intravenous fluid hydration.  After 24 hours of therapy, urine output is increased and blood urea nitrogen declines toward normal.  Which of the following additional laboratory abnormalities suggests that this patient's initial oliguria is a compensation for volume contraction?

A) Muddy brown casts on urinalysis
B) Serum BUN/creatinine ratio <15
C) Urine fractional excretion of sodium >2%
D) Urine osmolarity <350 mOsm/kg
E) Urine sodium <20 mEq/L

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