A Small-For-Gestational-Age Infant Is Born Prematurely to a 38-Year-Old Woman

A small-for-gestational-age infant is born prematurely to a 38-year-old woman who had inconsistent prenatal care.  Physical examination shows a small head and eyes as well as a cleft lip and palate.  There is a small, round punched-out lesion with an overlying thin membrane on the patient's scalp.  A small, membranous sac with a loop of bowel protrudes from the patient's abdominal midline.  The infant is transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit for further workup and management.  Which of the following is most likely responsible for this patient's condition?

A) Down syndrome
B) Edwards syndrome
C) Maternal nicotine use
D) Maternal phenytoin ingestion
E) Maternal rubella infection
F) Patau syndrome
G) Williams syndrome

Correct Answer:

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