A 64-Year-Old Woman Is Evaluated for Episodic Urinary Incontinence

A 64-year-old woman is evaluated for episodic urinary incontinence.  Urodynamic studies reveal an overactive bladder.  Symptoms persist after behavioral interventions, and the patient is unable to tolerate medical treatment.  Low-amplitude electrical stimulation therapy that helps modulate neural control of the urinary bladder muscle, urethral sphincter, and pelvic muscles is planned.  A stimulating electrode is most likely to be placed close to which of the following structures during this procedure?

A) Nucleus accumbens
B) Subthalamic nucleus
C) Vagus nerve
D) T6 nerve root
E) L5 nerve root
F) S3 nerve root

Correct Answer:

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