Question 1

Which of the following statements concerning Joan of Arc and the church is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Joan was tried by French clerics on the charges that she was a heretic and a witch.
B)  Joan was burned at the stake in 1431.
C)  In 1456 the church nullified Joan's conviction.
D)  In 1920 the church declared Joan a saint.
E)  all of the above E

Question 2

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Describe some of the social and political effects of famine, disease, and inflation that occurred in the fourteenth century.

Accepted Answer

The fourteenth century was a period of significant social and political upheaval, marked by widespread famine, disease, and inflation. These crises had profound effects on the societies and governments of the time.

Famine, caused by poor harvests and agricultural failures, led to widespread food shortages and starvation. This had a devastating impact on the social fabric of communities, as people struggled to survive and compete for limited resources. The breakdown of social order and the rise of crime and violence were common consequences of famine, as people resorted to desperate measures to feed themselves and their families. In addition, famine often led to mass migrations as people sought out areas with more abundant food supplies, further disrupting social and political stability.

Disease, particularly the Black Death, ravaged Europe in the fourteenth century, causing widespread death and suffering. The impact of the plague on society was profound, as it decimated populations and disrupted social and economic structures. The loss of laborers and skilled workers led to labor shortages and increased wages, empowering the lower classes and challenging traditional power structures. The fear and uncertainty caused by the plague also led to social and political unrest, as people sought scapegoats and turned to radical solutions in an attempt to control the spread of the disease.

Inflation, driven by a combination of factors including population growth, increased demand for goods, and currency devaluation, had significant social and political effects in the fourteenth century. Rising prices and economic instability led to widespread hardship and discontent among the lower classes, who struggled to afford basic necessities. This economic strain contributed to social unrest and political upheaval, as people demanded relief from the economic hardships they were facing.

Overall, the social and political effects of famine, disease, and inflation in the fourteenth century were far-reaching and transformative. These crises challenged existing power structures, disrupted social order, and led to widespread unrest and upheaval. The responses of governments and societies to these challenges shaped the course of history and had lasting effects on the development of political and social institutions.

Question 3

In 1381, English peasants rebelled in response to

Accepted Answer

A)  rumors that King John II had entered into a secret conspiracy with the pope.
B)  a sharp increase in grain prices.
C)  Lollard agitation against the established church hierarchy.
D)  new laws tying them to the land and increased taxes.
E)  the continuing war with France. D

Question 4

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Explain the continuities between the Middle Ages and modern times.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay...

Question 5

The feudal tradition contributed to later development of the idea of liberty because

Accepted Answer

A)  vassals possessed personal rights that their lord was legally bound to respect.
B)  lords enjoyed unlimited freedom of action vis-à-vis their vassals.
C)  feudal thought gave later advocates of liberty and equality before the law something to react against.
D)  of the Christian notion that God cared about the salvation of each individual soul.
E)  nobles believed that their position freed them from accountability.

Question 6

The consequences of the Hundred Years' War included

Accepted Answer

A)  a strengthening of a sense of solidarity among the French but not the English.
B)  the decline of the French monarchy.
C)  the weakening of the English Parliament.
D)  devastation of valuable farmland in England and the deaths of thousands of peasants.
E)  the acceptance of gunpowder and heavy artillery in warfare.

Question 7

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 hierarchy

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Please define the following key terms....

Question 8

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Identify and explain the ways in which the life and death of Joan of Arc can serve as a reflection of the values of medieval society.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay...

Question 9

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 rule of law

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Please define the following key terms....

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true of medieval law?

Accepted Answer

A)  Medieval jurists argued for the replacement of trials by ordeals of fire or water.
B)  Church jurists structured canon law into a coherent and rational system.
C)  God's law was considered to be subordinate to state or national decrees.
D)  English common law had its origins in the Middle Ages.
E)  Medieval jurists insisted that marriages based on fraud or duress could be invalidated.

Question 11

Rebellions against the ruling oligarchy in the fourteenth century succeeded in

Accepted Answer

A)  England.
B)  Flanders.
C)  Florence.
D)  France.
E)  none of the above

Question 12

The most dramatic clash between Philip IV and Boniface VIII was

Accepted Answer

A)  the capture, release, and subsequent death of the pope.
B)  the excommunication and repentance of the king.
C)  the papacy's move to Avignon.
D)  repeal of the encyclical Unam Sanctam.
E)  conciliation at the Council of Constance.

Question 13

Lasting Christian influences on Western civilization include

Accepted Answer

A)  belief in the sacred worth of the individual.
B)  stress on human equality.
C)  emphasis on a higher law that binds both the ruler and the ruled.
D)  inspiration for social reform.
E)  all of the above

Question 14

Modern law differs from medieval law primarily because

Accepted Answer

A)  medieval law was solely an oral tradition.
B)  modern has an impersonal, objective quality; medieval law tended to be personal.
C)  medieval law was strongly influence by Roman law; modern law is not.
D)  medieval law was made by those in authority; modern law is made directly by the people.
E)  modern law is seen as eternal and unchanging; medieval law changed frequently.

Question 15

According to the text, the modern outlook

Accepted Answer

A)  emerged abruptly at the end of the Middle Ages.
B)  maintains the Christian tradition of the innate evil of human nature.
C)  holds that mathematics makes the world comprehensible.
D)  values tradition over reason.
E)  all of the above

Question 16

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 Avignon

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Please define the following key terms....

Question 17

The usual pattern in the High Middle Ages was for peasant rebellions to occur

Accepted Answer

A)  in prosperous times when peasants felt particularly powerful and chaffed under the burden that still continued.
B)  during economic troubles when nobles and kings broke with tradition and increased their demands.
C)  at any time.
D)  in areas adjacent to towns; town offered an example of freedom.
E)  only in the less developed regions of Europe.

Question 18

Papal authority was undermined in the Late Middle Ages by

Accepted Answer

A)  the growing power of kings.
B)  the embroiling of the papacy in European politics.
C)  political theorists and clerical reformers.
D)  the loss of support of pious Christians.
E)  all of the above

Question 19

The Black Death produced a demand for labor that led to an economic crisis for

Accepted Answer

A)  artisans.
B)  skilled workers.
C)  peasants.
D)  landowners.
E)  all of the above

Question 20

The core argument of The Defender of the Peace by Marsiglio of Padua was that

Accepted Answer

A)  the state ran according to religious commands originated in a higher realm.
B)  the state was self-sufficient and needed no guidance from a high authority.
C)  the king had the duty to be "Defender of the Peace," hence he had the ultimate spiritual authority in the land.
D)  the king had the duty to aid the Pope in maintaining peace.
E)  each individual should dedicate himself to imitating Christ, the Prince of Peace.

Exam 12: The Late Middle Ages Crisis and Dissolution

Which of the following statements concerning Joan of Arc and the church is accurate?

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Describe some of the social and political effects of famine, disease, and inflation that occurred in the fourteenth century.

In 1381, English peasants rebelled in response to

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Explain the continuities between the Middle Ages and modern times.

The feudal tradition contributed to later development of the idea of liberty because

The consequences of the Hundred Years' War included

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? hierarchy

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Identify and explain the ways in which the life and death of Joan of Arc can serve as a reflection of the values of medieval society.

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? rule of law

Which of the following is NOT true of medieval law?

Rebellions against the ruling oligarchy in the fourteenth century succeeded in

The most dramatic clash between Philip IV and Boniface VIII was

Lasting Christian influences on Western civilization include

Modern law differs from medieval law primarily because

According to the text, the modern outlook

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? Avignon

The usual pattern in the High Middle Ages was for peasant rebellions to occur

Papal authority was undermined in the Late Middle Ages by

The Black Death produced a demand for labor that led to an economic crisis for

The core argument of The Defender of the Peace by Marsiglio of Padua was that