Question 1

Use of a heat and moisture exchanger is beneficial to a patient with a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  tracheostomy who is receiving low-flow oxygen. 
B)  tracheostomy who is receiving room air. 
C)  open stoma. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 2

Which of the following are contraindications for heat moisture exchanger (HME)use?
1)Hypothermia
2)Uncuffed endotracheal tubes
3)With heated humidification
4)Decrease volume of secretions

Accepted Answer

A)  1,2,and 3 
B)  1 and 3 
C)  2 and 3 
D)  2 and 4

Question 3

When absolute humidity (AH)is constant and the temperature of the gas increases,the:

Accepted Answer

A)  gas is saturated. 
B)  capacity decreases. 
C)  water content increases. 
D)  relative humidity decreases.

Question 4

Which of the following is appropriate to provide humidity to a patient with cold air reactive airways?

Accepted Answer

A)  HME 
B)  Heated aerosol 
C)  Heated humidifier 
D)  Systemic hydration

Question 5

Creation of aerosol particles within a small volume nebulizer is based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  Stokes' law. 
B)  Brownian motion. 
C)  the Bernoulli principle. 
D)  Reynolds' number.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true concerning bland aerosols?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bland aerosols should not be delivered to patients with tracheostomies. 
B)  Ultrasonic nebulizers are inefficient at producing bland aerosols. 
C)  Sterile water and hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions can be used. 
D)  Humidifiers must be heated to deliver bland aerosols.

Question 7

Reactive bronchospasm and increased airway resistance can be caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  warm humidity. 
B)  warm aerosol. 
C)  aerosolized normal saline. 
D)  cold high-density aerosol.

Question 8

Which of the following are the gram-negative bacilli that are responsible for nosocomial infections when aerosol generators are in use?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae 
B)  Legionella pneumophila and Streptococcus pneumoniae 
C)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Legionella pneumophila 
D)  Legionella pneumophila and Streptococcus viridans

Question 9

Continuous bland aerosol is being delivered to an intubated patient through a large-volume nebulizer and a Briggs adapter.A clinical assessment reveals bronchoconstriction.Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Switch to an ultrasonic nebulizer. 
B)  Change to a heated-wick humidifier. 
C)  Add a heater to the large-volume nebulizer. 
D)  Decrease the flow rate to the large-volume nebulizer.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the isothermic saturation boundary is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exercise causes the isothermic saturation boundary to shift higher in the trachea. 
B)  At 2 cm above the carina, inhaled gas reaches BTPS. 
C)  Inhalation through the mouth shifts the isothermic saturation boundary downward. 
D)  Below the isothermic saturation boundary, temperature and relative humidity are variables.

Question 11

Which of the following humidifiers is classified as passive?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bubble humidifier 
B)  Large-volume nebulizer 
C)  Passover humidifier 
D)  Heat and moisture exchanger

Question 12

A patient with a nasal cannula set to deliver 8 L/min of oxygen would be expected to report which of the following?
1)Dry,nonproductive cough
2)Increased work of breathing
3)Substernal pain
4)Thick,dehydrated secretions

Accepted Answer

A)  1,2,and 3 
B)  1 and 3 
C)  2 and 4 
D)  1,2,3,and 4

Question 13

At 37° C,water vapor exerts a partial pressure of ____ mm Hg and contains _____ mg H₂O/L.

Accepted Answer

A)  43.9; 47 
B)  47; 43.9 
C)  44; 44 
D)  100; 100

Question 14

A respiratory therapist needs to deliver hypotonic solution to a patient through a large-volume jet nebulizer.The gas flow setting should be ___ L/min to ___ L/min.

Accepted Answer

A)  2; 4 
B)  4; 6 
C)  6; 8 
D)  6; 15

Question 15

A hypotonic solution with an ultrasonic nebulizer is ordered for a patient who has a history of hyperreactive airways.In such a situation,the respiratory therapist should recommend which of the following?
1)Refuse to give the treatment.
2)Suggest giving a bronchodilator before the hypotonic solution.
3)Suggest that an isotonic solution be used instead.
4)Administer oxygen before the hypotonic solution.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 and 3 
C)  3 and 4 
D)  4

Question 16

A sputum induction is needed for a 55-year-old female patient.Which of the following devices will be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spinning disk nebulizer 
B)  Wick humidifier 
C)  Ultrasonic nebulizer 
D)  Large-volume jet nebulizer

Question 17

A nonrebreathing mask has been replaced by a high-flow nasal cannula humidifier set at 15 L/min.The benefit of this device to a patient is that it:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases airway resistance. 
B)  delivers medication to the airways. 
C)  prevents an increased humidity deficit. 
D)  dilutes thick secretions for easy removal.

Question 18

The respiratory therapist has been called because the nasal cannula with humidifier delivering 4 L/min is making a high-pitched whistle.The most probable cause of the problem is that the:

Accepted Answer

A)  humidifier is leaking. 
B)  oxygen tubing is kinked. 
C)  oxygen tubing is too long. 
D)  nasal prong is not in place.

Question 19

What is the relative humidity of air at 37° C if the actual water vapor pressure is 33 mm Hg?

Accepted Answer

A)  89% 
B)  75% 
C)  70% 
D)  25%

Question 20

A high-flow nasal cannula set at 15 L has been running for a while without water.Which of the following could have happened?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cilia function increases. 
B)  Turbulent convection stops. 
C)  Airway resistance decreases. 
D)  The isothermic saturation boundary shifts.

Exam 6: Humidity and Aerosol Therapy

Use of a heat and moisture exchanger is beneficial to a patient with a(n) :

Which of the following are contraindications for heat moisture exchanger (HME) use? 1) Hypothermia 2) Uncuffed endotracheal tubes 3) With heated humidification 4) Decrease volume of secretions

When absolute humidity (AH) is constant and the temperature of the gas increases,the: