Question 1

Motherese is also known as ____ speech.

Accepted Answer

A) private 
B) inner 
C) telegraphic 
D) infant-directed

Question 2

While visiting her grandma, Winona becomes somewhat restless. In an attempt to comfort Winona, her grandmother says, "Why don't you play with the doll in my bedroom?" Winona goes to get the doll but returns crying and says, "That's not doll. Doll has red hair and sleeps in my room." Winona's behavior is best explained by

Accepted Answer

A) the cardinality principle. 
B) the primary circular reaction effect. 
C) telegraphic speech. 
D) underextension.

Question 3

What would be the most effective way to assess phonological memory in a two-year-old?

Accepted Answer

A) Say the name of a neighbor and ask her to name another neighbor. 
B) Ask her to spell the word "dog." 
C) Say the word "kitty" and have her immediately repeat the word. 
D) Ask her the name of her favorite toy.

Question 4

The core _______________ hypothesis suggests that infants are born with a rudimentary understanding of the world.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The core _______________ hypothesis suggests that infants...

Question 5

Which is a legitimate criticism of Piaget's theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Too much emphasis on unconscious thoughts 
B) Too much emphasis on children as "computing machines" (complete with software) 
C) Not enough emphasis on sociocultural influences 
D) Not enough emphasis on stages of development

Question 6

Meltzoff and Moore's controversial finding that three-week-olds would stick out their tongues to match an adult performing the same act has been used to support the notion of early life.

Accepted Answer

A) imitation. 
B) centration. 
C) orienting response. 
D) habituation.

Question 7

Salvador has a scheme for drawing with a crayon that had to be changed in order to learn how to paint a picture with a brush. This adaptation is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) animism. 
B) egocentrism. 
C) assimilation. 
D) accommodation.

Question 8

Michael, who is a preoperational thinker, watches as a movie character appears to turn from a nice teenager into a werewolf. What is Michael's most likely reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) Laughter, since he realizes that it is all a fake 
B) Nothing, since he would likely not notice the change 
C) Terror, since he likely believes that the individual has actually become a werewolf 
D) Confidence, since he now realizes that despite the apparent physical change, it is still the same nice individual

Question 9

Which statement best exemplifies the concept of essentialism?

Accepted Answer

A) "The purpose of popcorn is to make kids happy when they are at the movies." 
B) "If your parent says 'no,' then you should not do it." 
C) "A monkey raised by people will become a human." 
D) "Fish have a special 'fishiness' that allows them to breath underwater."

Question 10

An information-processing theorist would most likely conceptualize all built-in neural structures that assist the operations of the mind as

Accepted Answer

A) mental hardware. 
B) private speech. 
C) mental software. 
D) psychodynamic mechanisms.

Question 11

Two-year-old Sam's limited vocabulary consists of words like "book," "dog," and "hat." Apparently, Sam

Accepted Answer

A) has a referential style. 
B) is nonsymbolic. 
C) has an expressive style. 
D) is unable to use phonemes

Question 12

Which is the best example of underextension?

Accepted Answer

A) Referring to a train as a "choo-choo" 
B) Referring to all vehicles having four wheels as "trucks" 
C) Using a single-word utterance ("car")rather than telegraphic speech ("let's ride in the car") 
D) Referring to the family cat as a "kitty" but not using the same name for any other animal (including other cats)

Question 13

Provide an example of how egocentrism, animism, centration, and appearance as reality might affect the actions or thoughts of a child.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide an example of how egocentrism, animism,...

Question 14

The phrase "out of sight, out of mind" best exemplifies the Piagetian concept of

Accepted Answer

A) tertiary circular reaction. 
B) the one-to-one principle. 
C) fast mapping. 
D) object permanence.

Question 15

Newborns appear to have the ability to hear the entire range of phonemes for every language on earth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which child does Piaget's theory have the most difficulty explaining?

Accepted Answer

A) Ivy, who has mastered the conservation and three-mountain tasks 
B) Rose, who fails both the conservation and three-mountain tasks 
C) Daisy, who has mastered the conservation task but fails the three-mountain task 
D) Flora, who not only has mastered the conservation and three-mountain tasks but can explain the intricacies of these tasks to others

Question 17

When five-year-old Monarch says, "Butterflies exist to make the world more beautiful for people to look at," she is providing a great example of

Accepted Answer

A) the core knowledge hypothesis. 
B) a teleological explanation. 
C) an orienting response. 
D) intersubjectivity.

Question 18

In English, "-ing" and "-ed" represent grammatical morphemes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Dr. Eco has a strong belief that global warming is a theoretical myth. In recent years, however, the increased rate of polar ice cap melt has forced him to alter his theory, and he is now a strong advocate against greenhouse pollutants. A Piagetian would most likely describe Dr. Eco's theoretical conversion in terms of

Accepted Answer

A) the one-to-one principle. 
B) overextension. 
C) equilibration. 
D) abstract thinking.

Question 20

Orienting responses are often triggered by either unfamiliar or strong stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: The Emergence of Thought and Language: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood

Motherese is also known as ____ speech.

What would be the most effective way to assess phonological memory in a two-year-old?

The core _______________ hypothesis suggests that infants are born with a rudimentary understanding of the world.

Which is a legitimate criticism of Piaget's theory?

Meltzoff and Moore's controversial finding that three-week-olds would stick out their tongues to match an adult performing the same act has been used to support the notion of early life.

Salvador has a scheme for drawing with a crayon that had to be changed in order to learn how to paint a picture with a brush. This adaptation is an example of

Michael, who is a preoperational thinker, watches as a movie character appears to turn from a nice teenager into a werewolf. What is Michael's most likely reaction?

Which statement best exemplifies the concept of essentialism?

An information-processing theorist would most likely conceptualize all built-in neural structures that assist the operations of the mind as

Two-year-old Sam's limited vocabulary consists of words like "book," "dog," and "hat." Apparently, Sam

Which is the best example of underextension?

Provide an example of how egocentrism, animism, centration, and appearance as reality might affect the actions or thoughts of a child.

The phrase "out of sight, out of mind" best exemplifies the Piagetian concept of

Newborns appear to have the ability to hear the entire range of phonemes for every language on earth.

Which child does Piaget's theory have the most difficulty explaining?

When five-year-old Monarch says, "Butterflies exist to make the world more beautiful for people to look at," she is providing a great example of

In English, "-ing" and "-ed" represent grammatical morphemes.

Orienting responses are often triggered by either unfamiliar or strong stimuli.