Question 1

Eleven-month-old Oreo loves cookies. One day he sees his mother putting cookies into cups for a party. As he is watching, his mom puts one cookie into the first two cups, two cookies into the next two cups, and three cookies into the last two cups. If Oreo is a normally developing 10-month-old who likes cookies, he would most likely reach for

Accepted Answer

A)  the cup located nearest his left hand. 
B)  the first cup in which he saw a cookie being placed. 
C)  a cup with three cookies. 
D)  the darkest-colored cup.

Question 2

When 2-year-old Jaing is visiting his grandpa's farm, he sees his first chicken. His grandpa points to the funny red growth on the chicken's head and says, "It is called a comb." What will Jaing's most likely reaction be the next time he sees a chicken?

Accepted Answer

A)  He will refer to all barnyard birds as "chickens." 
B)  He will refer to the bird as a "comb." 
C)  He will refer to the bird as a "chicken." 
D)  He will refer to the crest on the bird's head as a "comb."

Question 3

According to the ____ principle of counting, the last number in a counting sequence differs from previous numbers and denotes the total number of objects being counted.

Accepted Answer

A)  stable-order 
B)  cardinality 
C)  one-to-one 
D)  habituation

Question 4

While attempting to correctly answer this question, you notice that you are mentally commenting to yourself about its level of difficulty. Vygotsky would refer to these internal mental remarks as

Accepted Answer

A)  private speech. 
B)  scaffolding. 
C)  an orienting response. 
D)  overextension.

Question 5

A child using the one-to-one principle to count would always begin counting starting with the number one.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Samsung is trying to get his grandson to learn the word "apple." His attempt involves showing his grandson an image of an apple on his smartphone, making sure that his grandson is also looking, and then saying "apple." Samsung's effort to teach his grandson is clearly based on

Accepted Answer

A)  infant-directed speech. 
B)  the innate orienting response. 
C)  fast mapping. 
D)  joint attention.

Question 7

Donny's mother has just poured two glasses of orange juice, one for Donny and one for his sister. After they are poured, Donny becomes very upset that he got less juice than his sister. Their mother points out that while Donny's glass is short, it is also wider, and thus both children have the same amount. Donny continues to protest, arguing that his juice is shorter, thus he has less juice. Piaget would explain Donny's behavior as being the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  animism. 
B)  centration. 
C)  intonation. 
D)  a primary circular reaction.

Question 8

____ can be defined as a diminished response to a familiar stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  Orienting response 
B)  Centration 
C)  Habituation 
D)  Attention

Question 9

Jasmine is trying to teach her younger sister Saffron how to shoot a jump shot. Before they start, Jasmine reminds herself that Saffron will need a lot of direction at first, but it is critical to not give more help than is needed. Jasmine's plan provides an excellent example of the strategy of

Accepted Answer

A)  scaffolding. 
B)  overextension. 
C)  orienting response. 
D)  the one-to-one principle.

Question 10

Most preschoolers believe that

Accepted Answer

A)  both animate (e.g., a puppy) and inanimate (e.g., a stuffed cat) objects can only be repaired by humans. 
B)  both animate (e.g., a puppy) and inanimate (e.g., a stuffed cat) objects can repair themselves. 
C)  animate objects (e.g., a puppy) can heal themselves, but inanimate objects (e.g., a stuffed cat) need to be repaired by humans. 
D)  inanimate objects (e.g., a stuffed cat) can repair themselves, but animate objects (e.g., a puppy) need to be healed by humans.

Question 11

In English, "-ing" and "-ed" represent grammatical morphemes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Learning gender roles by watching TV is an example of imitation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which is the best example of habituation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Turning your head to listen to a passing jet 
B)  Tasting sushi for the first time and liking it 
C)  Focusing your eyes on one of those "3-D" art pictures until the 3-D image pops into view 
D)  Being bothered by the feel of a watch the first time it is on your wrist and then getting so used to it that you forget it's there

Question 14

Salvador has a scheme for drawing with a crayon that had to be changed in order to learn how to paint a picture with a brush. This adaptation is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  animism. 
B)  egocentrism. 
C)  assimilation. 
D)  accommodation.

Question 15

In the children's television show Pee-wee's Playhouse , the floor, globe, and chair could talk, move, and had their own personalities. The fact that many young children view such objects as being "alive" is consistent with the Piagetian concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  intonation. 
B)  irreversibility. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  animism.

Question 16

According to the linguist perspective, children are born with some mechanism that simplifies the acquisition of grammar.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Barry walks up to his 9-month-old son and says (very slowly and with major fluctuations in his voice's pitch and loudness), "Ohhhhhhhhh, are you Daddy's little baaaaaaaby?" Barry is illustrating

Accepted Answer

A)  scaffolding. 
B)  telegraphic speech. 
C)  overextension. 
D)  infant-directed speech.

Question 18

A good way to improve the eyewitness testimony of children is to minimize the use of specific questions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What is the best example of overregularization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Saying "horse" instead of "hose" 
B)  Saying "houses" instead of "homes" 
C)  Saying "flunked" instead of "failed" 
D)  Saying "runned" instead of "ran"

Question 20

The core knowledge hypothesis is very compatible with notions of naïve physics and naïve biology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: The Emergence of Thought and Language: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood

When 2-year-old Jaing is visiting his grandpa's farm, he sees his first chicken. His grandpa points to the funny red growth on the chicken's head and says, "It is called a comb." What will Jaing's most likely reaction be the next time he sees a chicken?

According to the ____ principle of counting, the last number in a counting sequence differs from previous numbers and denotes the total number of objects being counted.

While attempting to correctly answer this question, you notice that you are mentally commenting to yourself about its level of difficulty. Vygotsky would refer to these internal mental remarks as

A child using the one-to-one principle to count would always begin counting starting with the number one.

Samsung is trying to get his grandson to learn the word "apple." His attempt involves showing his grandson an image of an apple on his smartphone, making sure that his grandson is also looking, and then saying "apple." Samsung's effort to teach his grandson is clearly based on

____ can be defined as a diminished response to a familiar stimulus.

Jasmine is trying to teach her younger sister Saffron how to shoot a jump shot. Before they start, Jasmine reminds herself that Saffron will need a lot of direction at first, but it is critical to not give more help than is needed. Jasmine's plan provides an excellent example of the strategy of

Most preschoolers believe that

In English, "-ing" and "-ed" represent grammatical morphemes.

Learning gender roles by watching TV is an example of imitation.

Which is the best example of habituation?

Salvador has a scheme for drawing with a crayon that had to be changed in order to learn how to paint a picture with a brush. This adaptation is an example of

In the children's television show Pee-wee's Playhouse , the floor, globe, and chair could talk, move, and had their own personalities. The fact that many young children view such objects as being "alive" is consistent with the Piagetian concept of

According to the linguist perspective, children are born with some mechanism that simplifies the acquisition of grammar.

Barry walks up to his 9-month-old son and says (very slowly and with major fluctuations in his voice's pitch and loudness) , "Ohhhhhhhhh, are you Daddy's little baaaaaaaby?" Barry is illustrating

A good way to improve the eyewitness testimony of children is to minimize the use of specific questions.

What is the best example of overregularization?

The core knowledge hypothesis is very compatible with notions of naïve physics and naïve biology.