Question 1

Which of the following is not one of the components of the Convention on Biological Diversity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protection of biological diversity
B)  Sustainable use of biological resources
C)  Encouragement of basic scientific research by easing laws
D)  Equitable sharing of benefits from biological resources C

Question 2

What do feminists focus on?

Accepted Answer

A)  How environmental issues influence the power of a given state vis-à-vis other states in the global system
B)  How environmental issues influence gaps in wealth and economic power
C)  How environmental issues influence norms of behavior toward the environment and toward environmental policy
D)  How environmental issues and the difficulties associated with forging environmental cooperation most harshly impact women in the developing world D

Question 3

Protection against the threat of energy shortages either because of supply problems or because of deliberate efforts by others to inflict harm is known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Energy security
B)  Green security
C)  Human security
D)  Environmental security A

Question 4

What do economic structuralists focus on?

Accepted Answer

A)  How environmental issues influence the power of a given state vis-à-vis other states in the global system
B)  How environmental issues influence gaps in wealth and economic power
C)  How environmental issues influence norms of behavior globally concerning how companies, NGOs, and states interact to conserve resources
D)  How environmental issues influence the productive capacities of women in developing societies

Question 5

While there is not yet a global shortage of fresh water in the world, several regions are already experiencing severe shortages. Why are these regions experiencing such shortages?

Accepted Answer

A)  Due to the continued salinization of existing water supplies
B)  Due to increased rates of evaporation caused by warmer than average temperatures
C)  Due to increased consumption
D)  Due to the pollution of existing water supplies from new chemical plants

Question 6

Which international agreements three main goals include "the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources?""?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Convention of Biological Diversity
B)  The Paris Agreement
C)  The Kyoto Protocol
D)  The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Agreement

Question 7

Which two countries together account for nearly 90 percent of global ethanol production?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brazil and Canada
B)  The United States and China
C)  The United States and Brazil
D)  Russia and Canada

Question 8

Beyond collective action problems, there is a general set of obstacles that tend to arise on many international environmental issues. Which of the following is not such a barrier to cooperation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Competing economic priorities
B)  Equity
C)  Domestic politics
D)  Scientific proof

Question 9

What best describes the problem of sustainable development?

Accepted Answer

A)  While poor people consume less than their wealthier counterparts, they are also more constrained from pursing environmental goals.
B)  Poor people consume as much as their wealthier counterparts, but do so more cheaply and with less regard for the environment.
C)  Wealthy people consume less than their poorer counterparts because they have the luxury of taking environmental goals into account.
D)  Wealth and consumption are not correlated.

Question 10

Which of the following statements would realists agree with?

Accepted Answer

A)  Competition over resources is a major cause of war.
B)  Competition over resources is unlikely to incite states to use whatever power they have to control these resources; this is not a zero-sum game.
C)  Competition over resources is best solved with international cooperation.
D)  Competition over resources is no reason for states to go to war.

Question 11

How does the Montreal Protocol illustrate how cooperation can occur even on difficult collective action problems? What factor made the agreement possible?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the Montreal Protocol illustrate how...

Question 12

What has been the main criticism of the Biodiversity Treaty?

Accepted Answer

A)  That the treaty has done relatively little to protect biodiversity while making the conduct of basic scientific research much more difficult
B)  That the treaty has done relatively little to protect biodiversity while being extremely expensive to implement for all signatories
C)  That the treaty has done relatively little to protect biodiversity while being extremely expensive to implement for the poorest signatories
D)  That the treaty has had the opposite of the intended effect

Question 13

Regarding the Convention on Biological Diversity, the United States has done which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Signed the treaty and plans to ratify it next year
B)  Ratified the treaty, yet still has to sign it
C)  Neither ratified nor signed the treaty
D)  Signed the treaty, yet not ratified it

Question 14

What factors are thought to be behind the world's current environmental problems? How do these factors come together? Are these factors thought to be especially problematic in developed or developing countries?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What factors are thought to be behind...

Question 15

Why was the Montreal Protocol significant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because it was the most sweeping environmental treaty in history
B)  Because it focused on environmental problems between Canada and the United States
C)  Because it emphasized, for the first time, biological diversity
D)  Because it was the first global environmental treaty

Question 16

What is a situation in which a group of actors has a common interest, but cannot collaborate to achieve it called?

Accepted Answer

A)  A collective action problem
B)  A levels of analysis problem
C)  A rational action problem
D)  An expected utility problem

Question 17

Why was the Kyoto Protocol seen as obsolete?

Accepted Answer

A)  It exempted most developing countries from having to take action, but economic growth (and corresponding growth in GHG emissions) in those countries, meant that tackling climate change required including them.
B)  China was subject to strict restrictions under the Kyoto agreement and refused to abide by them.
C)  The United States was subject to strict restrictions under the Kyoto agreement and refused to abide by them.
D)  It exempted most developed countries from having to take action, focusing only on developing countries, which, according to economic structuralists, would only prevent them from being able to develop.

Question 18

Which country contributes the most to the production of greenhouse gases?

Accepted Answer

A)  China
B)  India
C)  Russia
D)  United States

Question 19

Which of the following is a global environmental problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pollution of waterways that border more than one country
B)  Depletion of the ozone layer
C)  Air pollution flowing across borders
D)  Overfishing of shared bodies of water

Question 20

Why is the world's population growing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mainly because people are having more children
B)  Mainly because immigration is at such high levels
C)  Mainly because mortality has decreased so dramatically
D)  Mainly because agricultural yields have grown so exponentially over the last decades

Exam 14: The Global Environment and International Politics