Question 1

Although they became an international power in the 16th century, _____ was in decline by the beginning of the 17th century.

Accepted Answer

A)  Italy
B)  the Dutch Republic
C)  France
D)  the Hapsburg Empire D

Question 2

_____ was the greatest architectural project of the age and a symbol of Louis XIV's power.

Accepted Answer

A)  The city hall in Paris
B)  Sainte-Chapelle
C)  The repair of Notre Dame
D)  The palace of Versailles D

Question 3

Artists of the Baroque period were especially sophisticated in their use of light and dark. Citing examples, describe how artists used light and dark.

Accepted Answer

Artists of the Baroque period were indeed highly sophisticated in their use of light and dark, a technique known as chiaroscuro. This technique involved the use of strong contrasts between light and dark to create a sense of volume and three-dimensionality in their paintings.

One famous example of this is Caravaggio's "The Calling of Saint Matthew," where the use of strong light and dark creates a dramatic and theatrical effect, drawing the viewer's attention to the central figures. Another example is Rembrandt's "The Night Watch," where the use of light and shadow creates a sense of movement and depth within the composition.

These artists used light and dark to not only create a sense of realism and depth in their paintings but also to evoke emotion and drama. The contrast between light and dark was used to emphasize certain elements within the composition and to create a sense of tension and energy. Overall, the use of chiaroscuro by Baroque artists was a key element in creating the dynamic and emotionally charged works that define the period.

Question 4

Contributing to the sense of theatricality, _____ usually plays an important role in Bernini's sculptures.

Accepted Answer

A)  the absence of motion
B)  niche-like enclosures
C)  the element of time
D)  painted drapery

Question 5

Along with being a painter, Rembrandt was successful selling his _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sculptures
B)  antique statues
C)  prints
D)  handmade paint brushes

Question 6

A major international conflict during the 17th century was the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Thirty Years' War
B)  Great Iconoclasm
C)  Great Schism
D)  discovery of the Americas

Question 7

What does Rembrandt's "psychology of light" embody?

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

How did Rembrandt enliven group portraiture in Night Watch ?

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

One of the references to mortality in Claesz's Vanitas Still Life is a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  scale
B)  lobster
C)  tipped glass
D)  dog

Question 10

_____ is the term for the dark settings in Caravaggio's art.

Accepted Answer

A)  Circles of confusion
B)  Tenebrism
C)  Psychology of light
D)  Quadro riportato

Question 11

_____ believed that re-creating spiritual experiences in artworks would increase devotion and piety.

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles I
B)  Frans Hals
C)  Martin Luther
D)  Saint Ignatius

Question 12

The _____ is depicted in the Cornaro Chapel by Bernini.

Accepted Answer

A)  mystical vision of Saint Teresa
B)  Last Supper
C)  story of Jonah and the whale
D)  Hapsburg kings

Question 13

Who held power in the Dutch Republic?

Accepted Answer

A)  The king
B)  Merchants and manufacturers
C)  The Catholic Church
D)  Trade guilds

Question 14

How did Fra Andrea Pozzo create the illusion of Heaven opening above the heads of the congregation in the church of Sant'Ignazio?

Accepted Answer

A)  He illusionistically continued the church's architecture into the vault.
B)  He renovated the nave ceiling to provide a better view of the paintings in the vault.
C)  He painted quadro riportato to simulate a painted view of Heaven.
D)  He illusionistically lowered the church's actual architecture.

Question 15

Use four examples to explain how 17th-century artists addressed themselves and the status of their art.

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

The artist _____ acquired a significant reputation painting lush paintings of flowers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Rachel Ruysch
B)  Hyacinthe Rigaud
C)  Frans Hals
D)  Judith Leyster

Question 17

What subjects did Dutch art center on, and why?

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

You have been asked to assemble an exhibition of 17th-century paintings addressing the themes of power and authority. Which five works will you include? Explain your selections.

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Which references to Innocent X are embedded in Bernini's Fountain of the Four Rivers ?

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Vermeer's Art of Painting has been interpreted as an allegory of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  painting inspired by history
B)  the importance of Catholicism
C)  greed
D)  abstract art

Exam 10: Baroque Europe