Question 1

A system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) theory. 
B) empirical set. 
C) hypothesis. 
D) sociohistorical context.

Question 2

Ramon is a graduate student whose major area of interest is cognitive psychology. You should expect that Ramon is MOST interested in

Accepted Answer

A) understanding mental processes such as memory and language. ​ 
B) the ways in which physical or genetic factors influence and determine behavior. 
C) the internal factors that lead people to act consistently across a variety of situations. 
D) how people relate to each other and influence each other.

Question 3

Dr. Lopez is a psychologist who evaluates, diagnoses, and treats people with everyday problems of moderate severity. What type of psychologist is Dr. Lopez? ​

Accepted Answer

A) An educational psychologist ​ 
B) A counseling psychologist 
C) A school psychologist 
D) An industrial psychologist

Question 4

In criticizing the structuralists' reliance on the method of introspection, William James argued that two people could view the same stimulus quite differently. James's argument illustrates which of the textbook's unifying themes? ​

Accepted Answer

A) Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context. 
B) Psychology is empirical. 
C) Heredity and environment jointly influence behavior. 
D) Our experience of the world is highly subjective.

Question 5

The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders is called _____ psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) industrial 
B) social 
C) developmental 
D) clinical

Question 6

Of all doctoral degrees awarded in the sciences and humanities, psychology accounts for about ​

Accepted Answer

A) 5%. 
B) 10%. 
C) 20%. 
D) 50%.

Question 7

The concept of "stream of consciousness" is associated with ​

Accepted Answer

A) John Watson. 
B) William James. 
C) Sigmund Freud. 
D) Wilhelm Wundt.

Question 8

Imagine that you have been asked to speak to a group of tenth-grade students who have signed up for a study skills seminar offered by a local youth group. Based on the information provided in the Personal Application, what are five concrete points that you would make in your presentation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that you have been asked to...

Question 9

Oliver is studying motivation in chimpanzees. His roommate doesn't think that Oliver's animal research will produce much useful information about human motivation. Oliver's roommate apparently has a(n) _____ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A) humanistic 
B) evolutionary 
C) biological 
D) cognitive

Question 10

Although functionalism faded away as a theoretical force in psychology, historians credit it with two important contributions to the discipline: ​

Accepted Answer

A) behaviorism and applied psychology. 
B) psychoanalysis and behaviorism. 
C) behaviorism and introspection. 
D) women psychologists and applied psychology.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT included in the text's definition of psychology? ​

Accepted Answer

A) Psychology is a profession that solves practical problems 
B) Psychology studies behavior including physiological and cognitive processes 
C) Psychology studies primarily the unconscious mind 
D) Psychology is a science

Question 12

A clinical psychologist would probably be MOST interested in ​

Accepted Answer

A) determining how small groups make decisions. 
B) studying facial expressions of emotion. 
C) figuring out the most effective ways of treating anxiety. 
D) studying the nature of optical illusions.

Question 13

B. F. Skinner's conclusion that "free will is an illusion" was based on his belief that people are under the control of their _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of B. F. Skinner's conclusion that "free will...

Question 14

Darnell is working on a computer system that will have full language recognition capabilities. The type of psychologist that could probably give Darnell the MOST help in developing this computer system would be a _____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A) behavioral 
B) humanistic 
C) cognitive 
D) biological

Question 15

Currently, a large proportion of the American population is overweight. Dr. Laker thinks that, in part, this may be due to an innate preference for foods that are rich in fats and sugars. Dr. Laker has suggested that in times when foods were not so readily available, this innate preference would ensure enough calories for energy and survival. Dr. Laker's views are MOST consistent with those of the _____ perspective in psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) cultural 
B) cognitive 
C) behavioral 
D) evolutionary

Question 16

How is psychology defined today?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is psychology defined today?...

Question 17

Dr. Escher believes that individuals may inherit a predisposition for some psychological disorders, but that the disorders will not actually develop unless there is some stressful event that acts as a trigger. Dr. Escher's views reflect the underlying theme that ​

Accepted Answer

A) genetic factors and experience interact to shape behavior. 
B) our cultural backgrounds exert a considerable influence over our behavior. 
C) motives and expectations can color our experiences. 
D) theoretical diversity is an important component in science.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT good advice for developing sound study habits? ​

Accepted Answer

A) Spread out your studying over a period of time. 
B) Allow time for study breaks. 
C) Try to tackle simple, routine tasks first, saving larger tasks for later. 
D) Find a place to study where distractions are likely to be minimal.

Question 19

Briefly summarize the basic tenets of evolutionary psychology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly summarize the basic tenets of evolutionary...

Question 20

One psychologist explains a phobia in terms of learning principles whereas another looks to the unconscious for an explanation. Given this scenario, which of the following conclusions is MOST accurate? ​

Accepted Answer

A) The two psychologists are using different theoretical perspectives. 
B) Only one of the two psychologists can be correct. 
C) Insufficient data have been collected to support either explanation. 
D) The two psychologists are probably using different sociohistorical contexts.

Exam 1: The Evolution of Psychology

A system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations is called a(n)

Ramon is a graduate student whose major area of interest is cognitive psychology. You should expect that Ramon is MOST interested in

Dr. Lopez is a psychologist who evaluates, diagnoses, and treats people with everyday problems of moderate severity. What type of psychologist is Dr. Lopez? ​

In criticizing the structuralists' reliance on the method of introspection, William James argued that two people could view the same stimulus quite differently. James's argument illustrates which of the textbook's unifying themes? ​

The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders is called _____ psychology.

Of all doctoral degrees awarded in the sciences and humanities, psychology accounts for about ​

The concept of "stream of consciousness" is associated with ​

Imagine that you have been asked to speak to a group of tenth-grade students who have signed up for a study skills seminar offered by a local youth group. Based on the information provided in the Personal Application, what are five concrete points that you would make in your presentation?

Oliver is studying motivation in chimpanzees. His roommate doesn't think that Oliver's animal research will produce much useful information about human motivation. Oliver's roommate apparently has a(n) _____ perspective.

Although functionalism faded away as a theoretical force in psychology, historians credit it with two important contributions to the discipline: ​

Which of the following is NOT included in the text's definition of psychology? ​

A clinical psychologist would probably be MOST interested in ​

B. F. Skinner's conclusion that "free will is an illusion" was based on his belief that people are under the control of their _____.

Darnell is working on a computer system that will have full language recognition capabilities. The type of psychologist that could probably give Darnell the MOST help in developing this computer system would be a _____ psychologist.

How is psychology defined today?

Dr. Escher believes that individuals may inherit a predisposition for some psychological disorders, but that the disorders will not actually develop unless there is some stressful event that acts as a trigger. Dr. Escher's views reflect the underlying theme that ​

Which of the following is NOT good advice for developing sound study habits? ​

Briefly summarize the basic tenets of evolutionary psychology.

One psychologist explains a phobia in terms of learning principles whereas another looks to the unconscious for an explanation. Given this scenario, which of the following conclusions is MOST accurate? ​

Dr. Lopez is a psychologist who evaluates, diagnoses, and treats people with everyday problems of moderate severity. What type of psychologist is Dr. Lopez?

In criticizing the structuralists' reliance on the method of introspection, William James argued that two people could view the same stimulus quite differently. James's argument illustrates which of the textbook's unifying themes?

Of all doctoral degrees awarded in the sciences and humanities, psychology accounts for about

The concept of "stream of consciousness" is associated with

Although functionalism faded away as a theoretical force in psychology, historians credit it with two important contributions to the discipline:

Which of the following is NOT included in the text's definition of psychology?

A clinical psychologist would probably be MOST interested in

Dr. Escher believes that individuals may inherit a predisposition for some psychological disorders, but that the disorders will not actually develop unless there is some stressful event that acts as a trigger. Dr. Escher's views reflect the underlying theme that

Which of the following is NOT good advice for developing sound study habits?

One psychologist explains a phobia in terms of learning principles whereas another looks to the unconscious for an explanation. Given this scenario, which of the following conclusions is MOST accurate?