Question 1

Cultural deviance combines the elements of what two theories?

Accepted Answer

A) Differential association and labeling 
B) Strain and social disorganization 
C) Structural process and strain 
D) Social disorganization and labeling

Question 2

Many of the buildings are boarded up and left to decay, the majority of the residences in the area are apartment buildings with a transient population, no one seems to care about their neighborhood, and according to statistics, the area is densely populated. What zone does this describe?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many of the buildings are boarded up...

Question 3

Name the three independent yet overlapping theories that reside within the social structure perspective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name the three independent yet overlapping theories...

Question 4

Regarding school effects on delinquency, research indicates that school climate does not negatively impact youth as much as academic failure. ​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What, according to Reckless, insulates a youth from criminogenic influences in the environment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What, according to Reckless, insulates a youth...

Question 6

What does recent research indicate may have been ignored by neutralization theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does recent research indicate may have...

Question 7

Your friend is interested in researching delinquency and gangs. Your professor suggested investigating the theory that combines the principles of strain and social disorganization theories into a portrayal of a gang-sustaining delinquent culture.  Following the professor's advice, which of the following should your friend investigate?

Accepted Answer

A) Differential opportunity 
B) Strain 
C) Differential association 
D) Social ecology

Question 8

What theory promotes the thought that learning occurs within intimate personal groups?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What theory promotes the thought that learning...

Question 9

Discuss how control theories have influenced criminal justice and other public policies according to the text. Be sure to include examples of programs developed as a result of control theory.  Overall, how valuable do you believe these influences are to youth and to society in general? Provide a rationale for your view.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss how control theories have influenced criminal...

Question 10

According to strain theory, how is the ability to achieve personal goals such as owning a nice home and car or wearing stylish clothes stratified?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to strain theory, how is the...

Question 11

Identify and describe the three forms of collective efficacy; be sure to include examples for each. Which of the three forms do you believe to be the most influential?  Provide a rationale for your view.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify and describe the three forms of...

Question 12

Research has found that crimes appear to be intergenerational, suggesting that parental deviance influences delinquent behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Social disorganization theory links delinquency to middle-class measuring rods.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Mechanisms such as direct criticism, ridicule, ostracism, desertion, or physical punishment are considered what form of social control?

Accepted Answer

A) Public social control 
B) Institutional social control 
C) Formal social control 
D) Informal social control

Question 15

What is the concept through which youth are able to use their wits to feel safe by avoiding violent confrontation?

Accepted Answer

A) Siege mentality 
B) Reaction formation 
C) Street efficacy 
D) Retreatism

Question 16

Differential association theory maintains that delinquency is motivated by political or legal processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In their early teens, Jack, Cole, and Hardy live in areas where both conventional and delinquent activities are limited and adult role models are in absentia.  Applying differential opportunity theory, Jack, Cole, and Hardy are likely to join one of three types of gangs to in order to achieve what they consider success. Cole lives in a highly disorganized area.  Cole gets into fights to protect his gang's integrity and honor,  acquiring a reputation.  This rep provides Cole with a means for gaining admiration from his peers.  What type of gang did Cole join?

Accepted Answer

A) Criminal gang 
B) Conflict gang 
C) Rebellion gang 
D) Retreatist gang

Question 18

Criminal behavior is considered more a rebellion against conventional society than as an expression of conformity to lower-class subcultural values and traditions according to social disorganization theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What is a form of culture conflict experienced by lower-class youths because social conditions prevent them from achieving success as defined by the larger society? ​

Accepted Answer

A) Subterranean values 
B) Negative affective states 
C) Focal concerns 
D) Status frustration

Question 20

Social process theory takes the view that where one lives is more important than how one lives.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: Social Structure, Process, Culture, and Delinquency

Cultural deviance combines the elements of what two theories?

Many of the buildings are boarded up and left to decay, the majority of the residences in the area are apartment buildings with a transient population, no one seems to care about their neighborhood, and according to statistics, the area is densely populated. What zone does this describe?

Name the three independent yet overlapping theories that reside within the social structure perspective.

Regarding school effects on delinquency, research indicates that school climate does not negatively impact youth as much as academic failure. ​

What, according to Reckless, insulates a youth from criminogenic influences in the environment?

What does recent research indicate may have been ignored by neutralization theory?

What theory promotes the thought that learning occurs within intimate personal groups?

According to strain theory, how is the ability to achieve personal goals such as owning a nice home and car or wearing stylish clothes stratified?

Identify and describe the three forms of collective efficacy; be sure to include examples for each. Which of the three forms do you believe to be the most influential? Provide a rationale for your view.

Research has found that crimes appear to be intergenerational, suggesting that parental deviance influences delinquent behavior.

Social disorganization theory links delinquency to middle-class measuring rods.

Mechanisms such as direct criticism, ridicule, ostracism, desertion, or physical punishment are considered what form of social control?

What is the concept through which youth are able to use their wits to feel safe by avoiding violent confrontation?

Differential association theory maintains that delinquency is motivated by political or legal processes.

Criminal behavior is considered more a rebellion against conventional society than as an expression of conformity to lower-class subcultural values and traditions according to social disorganization theory.

What is a form of culture conflict experienced by lower-class youths because social conditions prevent them from achieving success as defined by the larger society? ​

Social process theory takes the view that where one lives is more important than how one lives.

Regarding school effects on delinquency, research indicates that school climate does not negatively impact youth as much as academic failure.

What is a form of culture conflict experienced by lower-class youths because social conditions prevent them from achieving success as defined by the larger society?