Question 1

Solitude is associated with creativity, spiritual growth, problem solving, and self-discovery.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Regarding aggressive behavior, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Aggressive behavior is an attempt to get one's own way no matter what. 
B) Aggressive behavior often leads to the receiver feeling hurt, defensive, or humiliated. 
C) Aggressive behavior achieves goals at others' expense. 
D) Aggressive behavior is the direct, honest, assertive expression of feelings and desires.

Question 3

When there is a clash between your behavior and your attitude, the resulting discomfort can be reduced by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) making your attitude match the behavior. 
B) making your behavior match the attitude. 
C) increasing the amount of perceived choice. 
D) changing the importance of the dissonant thoughts.

Question 4

Which of the following do therapy groups, businesses, and sports teams seek to increase because it helps people to work together better?

Accepted Answer

A) group structure 
B) status comparisons 
C) group cohesiveness 
D) compliance

Question 5

Describe each of the three compliance techniques, explain why each leads to compliance, and provide an example of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe each of the three compliance techniques,...

Question 6

Regarding obedience, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) When directions come from an authority, people rationalize that they are not personally responsible for their actions. 
B) Instances of "sanctioned massacres" have been carried out by obedient soldiers in Nazi Germany, in Iraq, and in several countries in Africa. 
C) Truly inhumane acts do not result from "just following orders," but occur due to character flaws and heartless psychopathic behavior. 
D) In order to keep their jobs, many people obey orders to do things that they know are dishonest, unethical, or harmful.

Question 7

Comparing yourself with a person who ranks higher than you on some dimension is referred to as __________ comparison.

Accepted Answer

A) unilateral 
B) downward 
C) upward 
D) bilateral

Question 8

In the Stanford Prison study, normal healthy male college students were paid to serve as "prisoners" and "guards" in a simulated prison. During this research,

Accepted Answer

A) three "prisoners" were so severely beaten they had to be hospitalized. 
B) the "guards" did not take their roles seriously. 
C) the "prisoners" quickly became passive and dehumanized. 
D) the "prisoners" and the "guards" quickly became too friendly towards one another.

Question 9

Regarding social distance, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Social distance applies to impersonal business and casual social gatherings. 
B) Social distance keeps people within "arm's reach" of each other. 
C) Social distance involves a range of four to 12 feet from the body. 
D) Social distance formalizes conversation between people and eliminates most touching.

Question 10

In Festinger's classic experiment, the college students who originally said the task was boring but changed their attitude about the boring task and said "it was interesting" were the ones that

Accepted Answer

A) had scored high in ethnocentrism. 
B) had succumbed to groupthink. 
C) were paid $20 to lie. 
D) were paid $1 to lie.

Question 11

A group that an individual identifies with and uses as a standard for social comparison is called a __________ group.

Accepted Answer

A) focus 
B) personal identification 
C) reference 
D) membership comparison

Question 12

Until your recent hospitalization, you thought that the insurance provided by your company was a good plan. However, after numerous phone calls to your company representative and to the insurance company, your attitude toward a national health care plan has changed. This attitude shift is due to

Accepted Answer

A) an interaction with others. 
B) direct contact. 
C) the mean worldview. 
D) group membership.

Question 13

Regarding the studies of conformity, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Larger groups have more influence on conformity and the size of the majority within the group also makes a difference, but a surprisingly small one. 
B) A lack of unanimity, that is, having at least one person in your corner, can greatly reduce pressures to conform. 
C) The more important group membership is to a person, the more he or she will be influenced by other group members. 
D) Since the groups in Asch's experiments were temporary, sanctions were informal, and rejection had no lasting importance, so fewer than half of the participants conformed to the group opinion regarding the lines.

Question 14

Jake finds guns attractive and desirable, while Arthur feels that guns are threatening and destructive. Their differing feelings toward guns represent which component of their attitudes regarding guns and gun control?

Accepted Answer

A) belief 
B) status 
C) emotional 
D) action

Question 15

Solomon Asch's classic experiment (in which subjects judged a "standard" line and "comparison" lines)showed that subjects yielded to group pressure in about what proportion of the critical test trials?

Accepted Answer

A) one-tenth 
B) one-fifth 
C) one-third 
D) one-half

Question 16

Celeste worked and voted for a candidate that she later discovered was dishonest and immoral. These facts made Celeste very uncomfortable because these were attributes that she does not admire. Celeste's feelings can best be explained by the

Accepted Answer

A) frustration-aggression hypothesis. 
B) fundamental attribution theory. 
C) theory of groupthink. 
D) cognitive dissonance theory.

Question 17

In a classic study on social facilitation that involved college students shooting pool at a student union, it was found that when being watched by others, the less confident, average pool players

Accepted Answer

A) decreased their accuracy. 
B) improved their accuracy. 
C) showed no change in their pool shooting ability. 
D) became extreme showmen and took risky shots, many of which did not pay off.

Question 18

Our tastes, friendships, votes, preferences, goals, and behavior in many other situations are all influenced by a learned tendency to respond to people and objects in a positive or negative way and is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) attribution. 
B) attitude. 
C) cognitive dissonance. 
D) situational demand.

Question 19

Overestimating one's chances of being involved in a violent incident is known as the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Overestimating one's chances of being involved in...

Question 20

Our desire for self-evaluation provides a motive for associating with others, and in doing so, influences which groups we join, according to the __________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A) social comparison 
B) role exchange 
C) norm referencing 
D) social networking

Exam 16: Social Thinking and Social Influence