Question 1

Nan is upset because she has not lost enough weight to buy the new swimsuit that she had wanted, so she imagines herself on the beach having fun with her friends in her current swimsuit. Nan is using mental images to

Accepted Answer

A) change her feelings. 
B) make a decision. 
C) prepare for some action. 
D) aid memory.

Question 2

When we form oversimplified concepts based on gender or ethnicity, we are relying on

Accepted Answer

A) denotative meanings. 
B) group thinking. 
C) social stereotypes. 
D) disjunctive prototypes.

Question 3

Regarding expert and novice chess players, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Experts are always in a reflective processing mode, while novice players tend to use experiential, automatic processing. 
B) Expert players have developed a general strengthening of their minds compared to the novice players. 
C) Experts tend to use algorithms, while novice players tend to use heuristics for problem solving. 
D) Expert chess players don't necessarily have better memories than beginners except for realistic chess positions.

Question 4

Regarding concepts and concept formation, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) At its most basic level, concept formation is based on experience with positive and negative instances. 
B) Adults often acquire concepts by learning or forming conceptual rules. 
C) An expert literally sees objects in their field of knowledge differently than less well-informed people do. 
D) Children and adults use algorithms to make minute distinctions between closely related concepts.

Question 5

The way a question is stated before problem solving begins can affect decision making and is known as

Accepted Answer

A) the representativeness heuristic. 
B) framing. 
C) incubation. 
D) defining the base rate.

Question 6

A problem is presented in the textbook that involves arranging six matches to make four triangles. The triangles must be the same size, and each side must be equal to the length of one match. Most people are initially unable to solve this problem because they assume incorrectly that the matches must be arranged on a flat surface rather in a three-dimensional pyramid shape. This incorrect assumption illustrates how which of the following can be a major barrier to creative thinking?

Accepted Answer

A) a mental set 
B) divergent thinking 
C) a prototype 
D) incubation

Question 7

Which of the following could enhance your selective comparison ability and aid you in becoming a more flexible and resourceful thinker?

Accepted Answer

A) increasing one's ability to utilize functional fixedness 
B) increasing one's use of algorithms and rote learning 
C) increasing one's knowledge about other cultures 
D) all of these

Question 8

Santos is learning the rules for ordering words in the formation of sentences. Santos is studying

Accepted Answer

A) structural semantics. 
B) pragmatics. 
C) syntax. 
D) phonology.

Question 9

Herrera typically classifies events or issues as absolutely right or wrong, fair or unfair, or good or bad. Herrera is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive dissonance. 
B) all-or-nothing thinking. 
C) prototyping. 
D) dichotomous rationalization.

Question 10

A form of imagery in which images cross normal sense barriers, such as sounds being experienced as colors, is called

Accepted Answer

A) synesthesia. 
B) hallucinations. 
C) eidetic imagery. 
D) pseudoperceptions.

Question 11

The tendency to select wrong answers because they seem to match preexisting mental categories is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

A) representativeness heuristic. 
B) base rate. 
C) framing heuristic. 
D) relational heuristic.

Question 12

While most creative people are not mentally ill and most mentally ill people are not particularly creative, research suggests that some creative geniuses, such as Vincent Van Gogh, Edgar Allan Poe, Winston Churchill, and Ernest Hemingway, may have suffered from __________ disorders.

Accepted Answer

The answer of While most creative people are not mentally...

Question 13

When you are deciding what to study for an exam, what to say at a job interview, or how to get to your spring break hotel, you are using the reflective process called

Accepted Answer

A) planning. 
B) intuition. 
C) semantic encoding. 
D) transformation.

Question 14

A test for creativity in which the subject must make as many words as possible by rearranging the letters in the sample word is the

Accepted Answer

A) Creative Aptitude Test. 
B) Consequences Test. 
C) Guilford Test for Creativity. 
D) Anagrams Test.

Question 15

When fluent English readers are presented with the Stroop interference task, their automatic processing of word meanings is just too strong to ignore and interferes with their naming of the ink colors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Compared to routine problem solving, creative thinking involves

Accepted Answer

A) inductive and deductive reasoning 
B) fluency, flexibility, and originality 
C) logical thinking 
D) deep understanding of the problem

Question 17

In the Stroop interference task, fluent readers of English have difficulty quickly naming the color of the ink that is used to print the words because they

Accepted Answer

A) are trying to use reflective processing to read the words and experiential processing to identify the color of the ink. 
B) are trying to use experiential processing to identify both the words and the ink colors. 
C) normally use reflective processing to read words and this controlled use of processing interferes with ink color naming. 
D) normally use experiential processing to read the words and this automatic processing interferes with ink color naming.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a requirement of language?

Accepted Answer

A) It must have symbols. 
B) It must have grammar. 
C) It must be productive. 
D) It must be spoken.

Question 19

Tenisha has to write a major term paper in psychology. So, she begins by writing as many ideas as she can think of regarding the topics that interest her most in psychology. She lets her imagination run wild, seeking unusual, remote, and wild ideas. She will modify and combine these ideas freely and will not criticize any of the ideas until she has elaborated or improved on the most promising ideas. Tenisha is using which of the following techniques in choosing a topic for her term paper?

Accepted Answer

A) convergent thinking 
B) brainstorming 
C) algorithmic reasoning 
D) "thin-slicing"

Question 20

The orientation stage of creative thought is the stage at which

Accepted Answer

A) testing and critical evaluation of the solution occurs. 
B) rapid insight occurs. 
C) creative thinkers saturate themselves with as much information as possible. 
D) the problem is defined and the important dimensions identified.

Exam 8: Cognition, Language, and Creativity