Question 1

The small cup-shaped area in the middle of the retina that contains only cones is the

Accepted Answer

A) fovea. 
B) cornea. 
C) blind spot. 
D) lens.

Question 2

Convergence and retinal disparity are similar in that both are

Accepted Answer

A) binocular cues. 
B) monocular cues. 
C) assimilation cues. 
D) pictorial cues.

Question 3

The primary function of the senses is to act as devices that convert one kind of energy into another. They are

Accepted Answer

A) visual adapters. 
B) biological assimilators. 
C) phosphenes. 
D) biological transducers.

Question 4

The loss of inner ear hair cells is devastating because

Accepted Answer

A) it takes a long time for them to regenerate. 
B) a severe infection usually results. 
C) once lost, they are never replaced. 
D) it is the basis for every form of deafness.

Question 5

Professional magician and skeptic James Randi has offered a $1 million prize to anyone who can demonstrate evidence of extrasensory perception under standardized conditions, but no one has yet claimed the prize.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following terms comes from the Latin word for "old vision "?

Accepted Answer

A) hyperopia 
B) myopia 
C) presbyopia 
D) astigmatism

Question 7

You are riding on a train. As you look out the window, the farmhouses near the tracks appear to be moving backwards but the large hill in the distance with a water tower at the top appears stationary. In addition, the sun even appears to be moving in the same direction you are traveling. This phenomenon illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) linear perspective. 
B) retinal disparity. 
C) motion parallax. 
D) interposition.

Question 8

Perceptual misconstruction occurs when viewing the Ames room because

Accepted Answer

A) the room appears square when viewed from a certain angle. 
B) observers have prior knowledge of the experiment and expect bizarre experiences. 
C) retinal disparity occurs and results in the phenomenon known as motion parallax. 
D) of the autokinetic effect.

Question 9

Which theory explains that pain messages from different nerve fibers pass through the same neural area in the spinal cord and that if the gate is "closed" by one pain message, other messages may not be able to pass through?

Accepted Answer

A) sensory adaptation 
B) sensory conflict 
C) gate control theory 
D) lock-and-key theory

Question 10

A person who loses an arm may at first have a phantom arm and hand. Then after many years, the phantom may shrink, until only a hand is felt at the shoulder. This shows that

Accepted Answer

A) the pain and sensations are now passing directly through the pain gates. 
B) the pain and sensations are now passing through the central biasing system. 
C) phantom limb sensations are "sane hallucinations" that can be cognitively suppressed. 
D) the brain gradually reorganizes to adjust for the sensory loss.

Question 11

In the Ames room, people appear to grow larger or smaller as they walk from one side of the room to the other because

Accepted Answer

A) retinal disparity occurs and causes motion parallax. 
B) the room illustrates the reversibility of figure-ground objects. 
C) accommodation cannot be maintained with movement by the people. 
D) the observer's perceptual construction of the room is based on the assumption that the room is square.

Question 12

Apparent motion can be influenced by an observer's point of fixation so that objects beyond the point of fixation appear to

Accepted Answer

A) move backward. 
B) move forward. 
C) remain stationary. 
D) disappear.

Question 13

The best night vision comes from looking next to an object that you want to see because most rods are located

Accepted Answer

A) in the fovea. 
B) in the blind spot. 
C) 20 degrees to each side of the fovea. 
D) at a 90-degree angle to the pupil.

Question 14

Which of the following animals have special organs that can sense the bioelectric fields of other living creatures?

Accepted Answer

A) owls 
B) honey bees 
C) bats 
D) fish

Question 15

Being able to focus on the traffic signals among all the neon signs and lights illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) sensory gating. 
B) selective attention. 
C) control biasing. 
D) physiological nystagmus.

Question 16

A small cup-shaped area in the middle of the retina that produces the sharpest images and contains only cones is the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A small cup-shaped area in the middle...

Question 17

Eyewitnesses sometimes identify as a culprit someone they have seen in another situation or context, which is referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Eyewitnesses sometimes identify as a culprit someone...

Question 18

Regarding olfaction, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) There are roughly five million nerve fibers embedded in the lining of the upper nasal passages. 
B) The theory of smell that holds that odors are related to the shapes of chemical molecules is known as the opponent-process theory. 
C) Five people out of 100 experience some degree of anosmia. 
D) Blows to the head can tear the olfactory nerve and cause anosmia.

Question 19

Which of the following illustrates the principle of contiguity?

Accepted Answer

A) the false dawn before a sunrise 
B) the shadows cast on a cloudy day 
C) a person lip-syncing to a song 
D) a darker balloon seen as farther away than a lighter one

Question 20

According to psychologist Barbara Frederickson, the scope of one's attention is actually broadened by

Accepted Answer

A) positive emotions. 
B) negative emotions. 
C) habituation. 
D) perceptual sets.

Exam 4: Sensation and Perception