Question 1

How did Ivan Pavlov discover the process of conditioning when working with dogs?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did Ivan Pavlov discover the process...

Question 2

The question "How can it be changed?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  description 
B)  explanation 
C)  prediction 
D)  control

Question 3

Dr. Archer wanted to see if people are more prone to seek the company of others when anxious than when calm. He randomly assigned half of his subjects to an anxiety group and then told them that, as part of the study, they would receive electric shocks. He did not frighten the other group of subjects. Finally, he recorded how many subjects in each group chose to be "tested" in a group setting and how many chose to be "tested" alone. In this study, the group that was NOT frightened would be called the __________ group.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental 
B)  control 
C)  placebo 
D)  test

Question 4

In an experiment to examine the effects of sleep deprivation on completion of a puzzle, one group is allowed to sleep 8 hours while another group is made to stay awake. In this experiment, the control group is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the group that gets to sleep 
B)  the group that remains awake 
C)  the puzzle 
D)  the difference in time for each group to complete the puzzle

Question 5

__________ is an experiment in which neither the participants nor the individuals running the experiment know if participants are in the experimental or the control group until after the results are tallied.

Accepted Answer

A)  The double-blind study 
B)  Field research 
C)  The single-blind study 
D)  Correlational research

Question 6

A correlation coefficient represents two things: __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a representative sample; strength 
B)  strength; direction of the relationship 
C)  the experimental group; control group 
D)  direction of the relationship; expectant functionality

Question 7

The question "When will it happen again?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  description 
B)  explanation 
C)  prediction 
D)  control

Question 8

Dr. Fitzgerald, a psychologist, is interested in finding out why identical twins have different personalities. She is most interested in the goal of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  description 
B)  explanation 
C)  prediction 
D)  control

Question 9

You attend a lecture by a psychologist who uses terms such as free will and self-actualization. Which psychological perspective is most consistent with the points the psychologist presented?

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorism 
B)  humanism 
C)  functionalism 
D)  psychodynamics

Question 10

The CEO of a large automobile company says the cars the company makes are safe despite the fact that they lead the country in accidents due to faulty equipment. This discrepancy highlights which of the following critical thinking principles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Few "truths" do not need to be tested. 
B)  All evidence is not equal in quality. 
C)  Authority or expertise does not make the claims of the authority or expert true. 
D)  Critical thinking requires an open mind.

Question 11

Why was the perspective followed by Wilhelm Wundt and his followers called structuralism?

Accepted Answer

A)  They wanted to identify the major brain structures. 
B)  Their primary goal was to understand the physiology of the mind. 
C)  They focused their efforts on analyzing the elements of the nervous system. 
D)  Their primary focus was on describing the structure of conscious experience.

Question 12

The question "What is happening?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  description 
B)  explanation 
C)  prediction 
D)  control

Question 13

In a __________ study, the participants do not know if they are part of the control group or the experimental group. Only the experimenter knows who is in each group.

Accepted Answer

A)  single-blind 
B)  placebo 
C)  double-blind 
D)  triple-blind

Question 14

Which of the following is associated with Gestalt psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skinner 
B)  Wertheimer 
C)  James 
D)  Jones

Question 15

Cognitive neuroscience includes the use of tools such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Critical thinking means making judgments based on __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  emotion 
B)  keeping a closed mind 
C)  reason and logical evaluation 
D)  authority and expertise

Question 17

A person who has suffered a major stroke and is now experiencing severe personality problems because of the damage would BEST be advised to see a __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychiatrist 
B)  cognitive psychologist 
C)  psychiatric social worker 
D)  psychologist

Question 18

A "fake treatment" is one way to define a __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decoy 
B)  demand characteristic 
C)  control group 
D)  placebo

Question 19

Behaviorist J. B. Watson objected to early theories of psychology because of their focus on __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  evolution 
B)  science 
C)  mental processes 
D)  physical processes

Question 20

A correlation tells us __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  whether a cause-and-effect relationship exists 
B)  whether two variables are related 
C)  whether or not a test is efficient 
D)  if people are responding to demand characteristics

Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

How did Ivan Pavlov discover the process of conditioning when working with dogs?

The question "How can it be changed?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology?

In an experiment to examine the effects of sleep deprivation on completion of a puzzle, one group is allowed to sleep 8 hours while another group is made to stay awake. In this experiment, the control group is __________.

__________ is an experiment in which neither the participants nor the individuals running the experiment know if participants are in the experimental or the control group until after the results are tallied.

A correlation coefficient represents two things: and .

The question "When will it happen again?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology?

Dr. Fitzgerald, a psychologist, is interested in finding out why identical twins have different personalities. She is most interested in the goal of __________.

You attend a lecture by a psychologist who uses terms such as free will and self-actualization. Which psychological perspective is most consistent with the points the psychologist presented?

The CEO of a large automobile company says the cars the company makes are safe despite the fact that they lead the country in accidents due to faulty equipment. This discrepancy highlights which of the following critical thinking principles?

Why was the perspective followed by Wilhelm Wundt and his followers called structuralism?

The question "What is happening?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology?

In a __________ study, the participants do not know if they are part of the control group or the experimental group. Only the experimenter knows who is in each group.

Which of the following is associated with Gestalt psychology?

Cognitive neuroscience includes the use of tools such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET).

Critical thinking means making judgments based on __________.

A person who has suffered a major stroke and is now experiencing severe personality problems because of the damage would BEST be advised to see a __________.

A "fake treatment" is one way to define a __________.

Behaviorist J. B. Watson objected to early theories of psychology because of their focus on __________.

A correlation tells us __________.