Question 1

"Out of sight, out of mind" is a cliché that is consistent with which rule of interpersonal attraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  physical attractiveness 
B)  similarity 
C)  proximity 
D)  reciprocal liking

Question 2

__________ found that normal people in normal times will often follow orders to hurt innocent people.

Accepted Answer

A)  Solomon Asch 
B)  Kurt Lewin 
C)  Carolyn Sherif 
D)  Stanley Milgram

Question 3

Studies on similarity and interpersonal attraction have found that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the more similar two people are, the stronger the attraction between them, up to a point 
B)  similarity appears to be unrelated to attraction 
C)  complementarity is a more powerful influence on attraction than similarity 
D)  the more similar two people are, the weaker the attraction between them, due to boredom

Question 4

Which theory addresses the question of how people make judgments about the causes of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  exchange theory 
B)  social learning theory 
C)  attribution theory 
D)  social influence theory

Question 5

A state of tension that occurs when a person's attitudes do not match the person's actions is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance 
B)  the validity effect 
C)  the fundamental attribution error 
D)  routinization

Question 6

Which of the following would result in cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wearing glasses is dignified; a respected political leader wears glasses. 
B)  Dresses are feminine; Reese Witherspoon wears dresses. 
C)  Pink shirts are considered feminine; Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson wears pink shirts. 
D)  Orange juice is healthy; I love orange juice.

Question 7

According to Festinger, the feeling of discomfort that results from the realization that our beliefs and our behaviors are discrepant is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  attribution 
B)  balance theory 
C)  cognitive dissonance 
D)  confirmation bias

Question 8

Your attitudes are most likely to influence specific behaviors when the attitudes are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  only moderately important 
B)  very specific 
C)  not relevant to the behavior 
D)  difficult to access from memory

Question 9

Describe one of the components of attitude.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe one of the components of attitude....

Question 10

Your best friend has been acting rather cool toward you lately. As you try to figure out why, you are engaging in the process called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  attribution 
B)  causal analysis 
C)  ascribing values 
D)  nonverbal communication

Question 11

While watching Jeopardy!, your roommate says, "Alex Trebek knows all the answers. He must be a genius." You tell your roommate she probably would not have said that if she had attended class the day the instructor discussed the topic of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  social facilitation 
B)  stereotyping illusions 
C)  internal attribution biases 
D)  fundamental attribution errors

Question 12

"Birds of a feather" is a phrase that refers to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  similarity 
B)  reinforcement 
C)  self-disclosure 
D)  emotional expression

Question 13

The public-service messages that encourage parents to sit down with their children and talk frankly about drugs are promoting which method of attitude formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  direct instruction 
B)  direct contact 
C)  vicarious conditioning 
D)  observational learning

Question 14

The Robber's Cave experiment showed that playing athletic games, such as football and baseball, reduces us-them hostility.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Following direct and explicit orders of a person in authority is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  groupthink 
B)  obedience 
C)  prejudice 
D)  deindividualization

Question 16

Luciana is trying to decide whether to vote for a political candidate. Based on what she has read about him, she has concluded that he is not qualified for the position, but she agrees with his political positions. Also, she trusts him and likes his decisive personality. In fact, she likes him so much that she sent a small donation to his campaign. Luciana's trust of the candidate represents the __________ component of her attitude toward him.

Accepted Answer

A)  affective 
B)  cognitive 
C)  behavior 
D)  situational

Question 17

Experiments showing the effects of group pressure on conformity were conducted by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Asch 
B)  Milgram 
C)  Luchens 
D)  Singer

Question 18

A bank loan officer thinks people who speak with an accent are lazy; consequently, he refuses to grant them loans. The loan officer's belief is an example of __________. His refusal to grant them loans is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination; prejudice 
B)  stereotyping; attribution 
C)  attribution; stereotyping 
D)  prejudice; discrimination

Question 19

Once called the "risky shift" phenomenon, __________ refers to the tendency for people involved in a group discussion to take somewhat more extreme positions and suggest riskier actions when compared to individuals who have NOT participated in a group discussion.

Accepted Answer

A)  social loafing 
B)  social idleness 
C)  group polarization 
D)  cognitive dissonance

Question 20

Milgram is known for his research in __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  prejudice 
B)  groupthink 
C)  obedience 
D)  deindividualization

Exam 12: Social Psychology