Question 1

Unlike very early versions of the DSM,the DSM-5

Accepted Answer

A)  Includes a plan for integrating social and cultural influences on diagnosis.
B)  Incorporates some dimensional aspects, such as judgment of severity for disorders.
C)  Does not make a distinction between organically based and psychologically based disorders.
D)  All of the above. D

Question 2

In trying to understand and help an individual with a psychological problem,a psychologist will obtain detailed information about the person's life as part of a

Accepted Answer

A)  physical exam.
B)  clinical interview.
C)  mental status exam.
D)  brain scan. B

Question 3

IQ tests measure all of the following abilities

Accepted Answer

A)  attention.
B)  memory.
C)  reasoning.
D)  personality. D

Question 4

The process of clinical assessment

Accepted Answer

A)  is like a puzzle, during which a clinician must use clues to arrive at a diagnosis.
B)  is like a funnel, during which a clinician narrows the focus of information to rule out problems and find what is most relevant.
C)  follows a very rigid set of procedures.
D)  aims to collect as much information as possible about an individual.

Question 5

When observational data are being collected,the observer's presence may cause a person to behave differently,a phenomenon known as

Accepted Answer

A)  reactivity.
B)  structuring.
C)  recording.
D)  monitoring.

Question 6

The dimensional approach to diagnosis is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  a quantification of patients' experiences using scales measuring several areas, such as anxiety or depression.
B)  lists of symptoms that patients must experience for the diagnosis to be assigned.
C)  essential elements that all patients must report for the diagnosis to be assigned, but allowance for specific nonessential variations as well.
D)  a theoretical explanation for the underlying cause of the disorder that is assumed to be shared by all patients experiencing similar symptoms.

Question 7

The advantage of using a withdrawal design as part of a single-case experiment is that the researcher can

Accepted Answer

A)  counterbalance the research design with additional measures to improve internal and external validity.
B)  control for the placebo effect.
C)  conduct a true double-blind experiment.
D)  determine whether improvements gained with treatment are lost when the treatment is withheld.

Question 8

When a control group is used in experimental research,the members of the control group will be treated exactly the same as the

Accepted Answer

A)  treatment group, that they will be exposed to the independent variable.
B)  treatment group in every way.
C)  control group in any other psychology study.
D)  treatment group, that they will not be exposed to the independent variable.

Question 9

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)was published in

Accepted Answer

A)  1990.
B)  1994.
C)  2000.
D)  2013.

Question 10

Longitudinal and/or cross-sectional research is often necessary to determine

Accepted Answer

A)  how disorders change and progress over a typical patient's lifetime.
B)  the genetic causes of a particular disorder.
C)  the environmental causes of a particular disorder.
D)  the biological causes of a particular disorder.

Question 11

One of the hallmarks of the experimental method that makes it different from a correlational study is that in an experiment,

Accepted Answer

A)  we observe what happens in the natural world.
B)  the researcher is unaware of the independent variable.
C)  a variable is manipulated in a way that would not have occurred naturally.
D)  there are multiple control groups.

Question 12

The research design most helpful in determining how individuals with particular disorders change over time is the

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal method.
B)  cross-sectional design.
C)  family study.
D)  association study.

Question 13

Which of the following factors is typically NOT part of a clinical assessment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychological
B)  Social
C)  Biological
D)  Astrological

Question 14

In well-designed research studies,medications that enhance serotonin functioning have been found to help patients recover from episodes of depression.Given the realities of the patient uniformity myth,it would be a mistake to conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  level of serotonin function is correlated with depression.
B)  all depressed patients will be helped by these medications.
C)  research can help us determine which treatments should be used for depression.
D)  medication can be an appropriate treatment for depression.

Question 15

Which research method suffers from the possibility of losing research participants due to high drop-out rates or even death?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross-sectional study
B)  Longitudinal study
C)  Family study
D)  Twin study

Question 16

Clifton had been experiencing a number of psychological issues,so he decided to go to a psychiatrist to see what was wrong.Dr.A told him he had major depressive disorder.He decided to seek a second opinion.Dr.B diagnosed him with generalized anxiety disorder.Wanting yet another opinion,he went to Dr.C,who told him he was obsessive-compulsive.This demonstrates poor

Accepted Answer

A)  test-retest reliability.
B)  concurrent validity.
C)  descriptive validity.
D)  inter-rater reliability.

Question 17

A researcher is testing the effects of sunlight on depression.The independent variable is

Accepted Answer

A)  sunlight.
B)  depression.
C)  the assumption that light affects mood.
D)  the interaction between sunlight and mood.

Question 18

A researcher separates the participants into two groups.Group A receives an active medication,and Group B receives an empty capsule that looks and feels like the real medication.Group B is the

Accepted Answer

A)  treatment group.
B)  analog group.
C)  control group.
D)  experimental group.

Question 19

The projective type of psychological tests is based on ________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral
B)  cognitive
C)  humanistic
D)  psychoanalytic

Question 20

The more time one spends exercising,the less one generally weighs.The correlation between time on a treadmill each month and overall body weight would represent a

Accepted Answer

A)  positive correlation.
B)  zero correlation.
C)  negative correlation.
D)  causal correlation.

Exam 3: Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Research in Psychopathology