Question 1

For which of the following items will a 10% price increase have the greatest impact on the demand for the object?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 50 cent candy bar 
B)  a 10 cent candy bar 
C)  a 1 dollar box of candy 
D)  a 5 dollar box of candy

Question 2

Describe similarities and differences between the Premack principle and subsequent behavioral regulation theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe similarities and differences between the Premack...

Question 3

Most intuitive explanations of instrumental behavior are based on _____ associations.

Accepted Answer

A)  R-O 
B)  S-R 
C)  S-O 
D)  R-S

Question 4

Which of the following CS pairings during Phase 2 is most likely to result in a sign tracking response that will complicate the interpretation of a transfer of control experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  A tone CS is paired with an annoying noise. 
B)  A key light CS is paired with footshock. 
C)  An odor CS is paired with the termination of an annoying noise. 
D)  A puff of air CS is paired with termination of food access.

Question 5

What is the central premise of the modern two-process theory? Describe three specific predictions of the theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the central premise of the...

Question 6

If you wanted to study "spending" in an instrumental procedure,you would be interested in

Accepted Answer

A)  the instrumental contingency. 
B)  the instrumental behavior. 
C)  the deprivation period. 
D)  the reinforcer quality.

Question 7

If you wanted to increase the "price" in an instrumental procedure,you could

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the size of the reinforcer. 
B)  increase the sensory reinforcement of the reward. 
C)  increase the number of lever presses required. 
D)  increase the deprivation time.

Question 8

Which of the following will not have much of an effect on the demand a group of rats has for food pellet reinforcers?

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of time the rats have to make responses 
B)  the number of responses required to earn a reinforcer 
C)  the availability of food substitutes 
D)  the availability of time on a running wheel

Question 9

Fearing failure,Keith was cramming for his upcoming exam under the watchful eye of mean old Professor Jones.According to modern two-process theory,when Keith notices the evil professor pull out his briefcase in order to leave,Keith will study

Accepted Answer

A)  more intensely at first and the less intensely. 
B)  at the same rate. 
C)  less intensely. 
D)  more intensely.

Question 10

Briefly describe an experiment that would test the Premack differential probability principle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe an experiment that would test...

Question 11

Contemporary efforts to explore the associative structure of instrumental conditioning have concentrated on demonstrating _____ relations.

Accepted Answer

A)  S-S 
B)  R-O 
C)  S-R 
D)  S-O

Question 12

A male Japanese quail was pecking at a key light for access to a quail hen.During this time,the researcher presented the male with a tone CS that had previously signaled the end of a period of access to food.According to the modern two-process theory,in response to the CS,the keypeck rate will

Accepted Answer

A)  remain the same. 
B)  decrease. 
C)  increase. 
D)  decrease, then increase.

Question 13

A CS that had previously been paired with shock termination is presented to a rat pressing a lever for food reinforcement.According the modern two-process theory,the rate of lever presses is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase. 
B)  decrease. 
C)  remain the same. 
D)  increase briefly, then decrease.

Question 14

According to Hull and Spence,what mediates expectancy of reward?

Accepted Answer

A)  the R-O association 
B)  the S-O association 
C)  the O-R association 
D)  the S-R association

Question 15

A rat is first trained to press a lever for food reinforcement.Then,a tone is sounded and a brief footshock is delivered.Lastly,the rat is again allowed to press the lever for food,and the experimenter records how the rat's lever pressing behavior changes when the tone is sounded.This researcher is employing

Accepted Answer

A)  a transfer procedure. 
B)  an omission control procedure. 
C)  a blocking procedure. 
D)  negative reinforcement procedure.

Question 16

An instrumental conditioning procedure provides the opportunity for a subject to learn many associations.Which of the following possible associations is thought to arise due to classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  S-O 
B)  R-O 
C)  S-R 
D)  All of the above

Question 17

What investigative techniques are used to provide evidence of R-O associations? Why is it not possible to explain instrumental behavior by assuming only R-O association learning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What investigative techniques are used to provide...

Question 18

Which technique is similar to that employed to provide evidence of R-O associations?

Accepted Answer

A)  US devaluation 
B)  blocking 
C)  overshadowing 
D)  response prevention

Question 19

According to the modern two-process theory,emotional states

Accepted Answer

A)  develop from an association between the stimuli S and the instrumental response. 
B)  are characteristic of the peripheral nervous system. 
C)  only act to suppress behaviors, as in CER procedures. 
D)  do not invariably lead to particular responses.

Exam 7: Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms