Question 1

Why is it that the potential prosocial benefits of watching television are outweighed by the negative consequences?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because children don't believe that the prosocial behaviors they see on television are "real" and, thus, they cannot relate to them. 
B)  Because prosocial behavior is seen far less frequently than aggressive behaviors. 
C)  Because prosocial behaviors are always intricately connected to aggressive behaviors in television depictions, and children cannot distinguish one from the other. 
D)  Because prosocial acts in television programs are almost always conducted by older characters, and children cannot connect with those role models.

Question 2

As children become more egocentric, they develop an enhanced ability to see the world from another person's point of view.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Of the nearly three-quarters of a million children who suffer from maltreatment or neglect, about _____ percent of them are maltreated psychologically.

Accepted Answer

A)  75 
B)  10 
C)  5 
D)  15

Question 4

A parent helps determine a child's behaviors, but the child's behaviors also shape the techniques used by his or her parents. This bidirectional impact is called ________ influence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A parent helps determine a child's behaviors,...

Question 5

Friendship involves mutual and voluntary liking.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

As adults, children of divorced parents are less likely to experience a divorce themselves. This is because they learn from the experience and select their spouses with greater success.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct order of stages of perspective-taking, according to Robert Selman?

Accepted Answer

A)  undifferentiated, social-informational, self-reflective, third-person, societal 
B)  third-person, self-reflective, undifferentiated, social-informational, societal 
C)  societal, third-person, self-reflective, social-informational, undifferentiated 
D)  self-reflective, undifferentiated, societal, third-person, social-informational

Question 8

When an aversive stimulus is applied or a desirable stimulus is removed in order to discourage the repetition of a specific behavior, ________ has taken place.

Accepted Answer

A)  punishment 
B)  feedback 
C)  modeling 
D)  reinforcement

Question 9

Young Matthew is growing up in a neighborhood where most of the families are similar to himself-white, Jewish, and middle class. His parents are happy that he has such exposure to others who share their religious and cultural backgrounds, but they are concerned that he will develop prejudice toward people who are different than himself. Which of the following tips would you give them to reduce this concern?

Accepted Answer

A)  When it is time for him to go to school, consider schools where there is more diversity among the children. Exposure to others who are different tends to reduce prejudice. 
B)  Children do best when they are surrounded by people who are "like them," so that in the future they can better distinguish themselves from others and find their sense of belonging in their world. 
C)  Prejudice in children is a rarely-seen event, unless it is directly instructed by the parents. As long as you are not showing him prejudice, he won't learn it. 
D)  All children naturally develop prejudice, and they all naturally grow out of it. It doesn't have any negative outcomes, so relax.

Question 10

Which is the most effective way for parents to reduce the negative impact of divorce on a child?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reinforce the idea that in life you cannot control what happens to you. 
B)  Make sure that only one parent is actively involved with the child's life. 
C)  Ask the child to help mediate disputes between you and your ex-spouse. 
D)  Don't view the love of your child as a competition between you and your ex-spouse.

Question 11

Randy is a seven-year-old who exhibits a high degree of hostile aggression. What is he most likely to be like when he is in high school?

Accepted Answer

A)  More hostile aggressive but not greater in instrumental aggression than his same-age peers 
B)  More aggressive than his same-age peers 
C)  About as aggressive as his same-age peers 
D)  More instrumentally aggressive but not greater in hostile aggression than his same-age peers

Question 12

Which explanation best explains the reason for changes in prejudice during adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adolescents tend to believe that members of other groups would never be interested in joining their group. 
B)  Adolescents tend to believe that members of other groups would never be accepted by members of the other group. 
C)  Adolescents develop a more negative view of their own group and a more positive view of other groups. 
D)  Adolescents develop a more positive view of their own group and a more negative view of other groups.

Question 13

________ aggression occurs when a child uses aggressive actions to achieve an explicit goal.

Accepted Answer

A)  Relational 
B)  Instrumental 
C)  Utilitarian 
D)  Narrow

Question 14

DeJuan is riding the bus with his classmates, when he sees that Justin is playing with a cool toy. DeJuan moves to the seat next to Justin, pushes him roughly, and takes the toy away. It is not until a bus monitor hears Justin crying that the toy is returned and DeJuan is punished. What type of aggression has DeJuan demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Relational 
B)  Egalitarian 
C)  Instrumental 
D)  Narrow

Question 15

One factor that contributes to an increased likelihood that a child will be abused or neglected is ________, because a lack of money significantly increases the stress of daily life.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One factor that contributes to an increased...

Question 16

In which of Selman's stages of perspective taking would you expect to see a 15-year-old child who recognizes that others' perspectives are influenced by broad personal, social, and cultural contexts?

Accepted Answer

A)  the self-reflective stage 
B)  the undifferentiated stage 
C)  the third-person stage 
D)  the societal stage

Question 17

Gabe tends to be very aggressive with his siblings and peers, and he is doing poorly in school. According to your chapter, he probably receives ________ parenting in his home.

Accepted Answer

A)  authoritarian 
B)  authoritative 
C)  uninvolved 
D)  permissive

Question 18

________ refers to a view of other people, usually a negative view, based on their membership in a specific group.

Accepted Answer

A)  Stereotyping 
B)  Racism 
C)  Discrimination 
D)  Prejudice

Question 19

Two subgroups of ________ children include (a) those who are skilled academically and socially, and (b) those who are physically and/or socially aggressive.

Accepted Answer

A)  popular 
B)  controversial 
C)  neglected 
D)  average

Question 20

During adolescence, as preference for your own group intensifies, the likelihood of prejudice

Accepted Answer

A)  gets higher. 
B)  gets lower. 
C)  stays the same. 
D)  reduces to zero.

Exam 7: Expanding Social Horizons: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood

Why is it that the potential prosocial benefits of watching television are outweighed by the negative consequences?

As children become more egocentric, they develop an enhanced ability to see the world from another person's point of view.

Of the nearly three-quarters of a million children who suffer from maltreatment or neglect, about _____ percent of them are maltreated psychologically.

A parent helps determine a child's behaviors, but the child's behaviors also shape the techniques used by his or her parents. This bidirectional impact is called ________ influence.

Friendship involves mutual and voluntary liking.

As adults, children of divorced parents are less likely to experience a divorce themselves. This is because they learn from the experience and select their spouses with greater success.

Which of the following is the correct order of stages of perspective-taking, according to Robert Selman?

When an aversive stimulus is applied or a desirable stimulus is removed in order to discourage the repetition of a specific behavior, ________ has taken place.

Which is the most effective way for parents to reduce the negative impact of divorce on a child?

Randy is a seven-year-old who exhibits a high degree of hostile aggression. What is he most likely to be like when he is in high school?

Which explanation best explains the reason for changes in prejudice during adolescence?

________ aggression occurs when a child uses aggressive actions to achieve an explicit goal.

One factor that contributes to an increased likelihood that a child will be abused or neglected is ________, because a lack of money significantly increases the stress of daily life.

In which of Selman's stages of perspective taking would you expect to see a 15-year-old child who recognizes that others' perspectives are influenced by broad personal, social, and cultural contexts?

Gabe tends to be very aggressive with his siblings and peers, and he is doing poorly in school. According to your chapter, he probably receives ________ parenting in his home.

________ refers to a view of other people, usually a negative view, based on their membership in a specific group.

Two subgroups of ________ children include (a) those who are skilled academically and socially, and (b) those who are physically and/or socially aggressive.

During adolescence, as preference for your own group intensifies, the likelihood of prejudice