Question 1

When Chester is conceived by his parents, he has the genetic instructions to grow up to be 6'1'' tall. During his childhood, however, he develops a digestive illness that significantly limits the amount of food he can eat, and he regularly fails to get enough vitamins in his diet. As a result, he grows up to be 5'11'' tall. In this example, a height of 6'1'' is Chester's ________ and a height of 5'11'' is Chester's ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  phenotype; genotype 
B)  chromotype; nucleotype 
C)  nucleotype; chromotype 
D)  genotype; phenotype

Question 2

Of the following countries, which has the highest rate of infant mortality?

Accepted Answer

A)  The United States of America 
B)  Turkey 
C)  Japan 
D)  The Netherlands

Question 3

Which of the following describes one of the reasons why stress hormones that are elevated in women who are highly anxious during pregnancy can negatively impact the baby?

Accepted Answer

A)  stress-related hormones can block the flow of oxygen to the baby 
B)  stress-related hormones absorb essential vitamins and nutrients that are essential for healthy development 
C)  stress-related hormones increase the chances of the baby developing a stress-related mental illness later in life 
D)  stress-related hormones delay the onset of uterine contractions, which can lead to babies being born well after their due date

Question 4

Jeanette and her husband Eric have recently engaged in sexual intercourse. After this activity was completed, an egg in Jeanette's Fallopian tube was fertilized by a sperm cell that was released by Eric. The result is a(n) ________, which marks the beginning of pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

A)  zygote 
B)  embryo 
C)  fetus 
D)  blastocyst

Question 5

The key lesson learned by the fact that thalidomide showed no impact when tested on pregnant rats but led to birth defects in humans is that

Accepted Answer

A)  teratogens impact different genotypes differently. 
B)  teratogens impact specific aspects of development. 
C)  teratogen effects may not emerge until later in life. 
D)  teratogen effects are the same regardless of the time when the individual is exposed.

Question 6

Why is there no conclusive evidence that there is a specific amount of alcohol a pregnant woman can drink without causing harmful effects to her child?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because there is no way to know exactly how much alcohol is in any given drink, and thus it is impossible to accurately gauge the amount of alcohol being consumed. 
B)  Because the research has concluded that even very small amounts of alcohol are certainly damaging to an unborn child. 
C)  Because any safe level of consumption is probably not the same for all women, as a result of heredity and health factors. 
D)  Because alcohol is so often taken with other drugs that it is impossible to determine how much of it would be safe to consume.

Question 7

Which of the following conditions, seen in pregnant women, involves high blood pressure, proteins in the urine, and swelling in the extremities due to fluid retention?

Accepted Answer

A)  cephalopelvic disproportion 
B)  preeclampsia 
C)  irregular position 
D)  prolapsed umbilical cord

Question 8

A reproductive technique that is used over 140,000 times and produces more than 55,000 babies each year in the United States is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A reproductive technique that is used over...

Question 9

Out of the 200-500 million sperm cells that are released during an ejaculation, only ________ complete the short journey up the Fallopian tubes to where an egg is waiting to be fertilized.

Accepted Answer

A)  half 
B)  one 
C)  a few hundred 
D)  a few thousand

Question 10

Which type of allele is ignored when found in a heterozygous gene pair?

Accepted Answer

A)  masked 
B)  dominant 
C)  typical 
D)  recessive

Question 11

A procedure that involves removing a sample of tissue from part of the placenta that is done 9 to 12 weeks into a pregnancy is called

Accepted Answer

A)  amniocentesis. 
B)  chorionic villus sampling. 
C)  ultrasound. 
D)  maternal glucose test.

Question 12

Which of the following appears to be the most important factors that enhances the long-term outcomes for a small-for-date baby?

Accepted Answer

A)  having a supportive and stimulating home environment 
B)  minimizing his/her exposure to environmental allergens 
C)  delaying vaccinations until after the child is two years of age 
D)  making sure that the child spends at least three weeks in an incubator following childbirth

Question 13

Nora was born just after the 32ⁿᵈ week of pregnancy. According to your authors, she would be referred to as a ________ baby.

Accepted Answer

A)  preeclampsia 
B)  low birth weight 
C)  preterm 
D)  viability

Question 14

The age of viability for a fetus normally occurs between 22 and 28 weeks after conception.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A standard part of prenatal care in the United States is the use of ________, in which sound waves are used to generate a picture of the fetus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A standard part of prenatal care in...

Question 16

The age of ________ is defined as the age at which a fetus can survive if it must be born because most of its bodily systems function adequately. It typically occurs 22 to 28 weeks into the pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

A)  zygotic intent 
B)  viability 
C)  plasticity 
D)  continuity

Question 17

Brad and Angelina take their daughter Anniston to the zoo, and are looking at a bunch of different animals. Anniston, who has recently been learning about human development, sees a ________ and says, "Mommy, Daddy! That looks just like a human embryo in its third week of development!"

Accepted Answer

A)  spider 
B)  salamander 
C)  aardvark 
D)  prairie dog

Question 18

Marsha's doctor informs her that her child is just entering the longest period of prenatal development. About how long has Marsha been carrying her unborn child?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 day 
B)  3 weeks 
C)  9 weeks 
D)  28 weeks

Question 19

If you are pregnant and want to get a prenatal test to assess various aspects of your unborn child's well-being, which of the following should you avoid if you suffer from trypanophobia (or the fear of needles)?

Accepted Answer

A)  amniocentesis 
B)  ultrasound 
C)  chorionic villus sampling 
D)  fetal cardiac monitoring

Question 20

Ferdinand ________ was one of two physicians noted by your textbook for having revolutionized the way childbirth is thought about. He advocated for a more "natural," or prepared approach to childbirth and saw it as a life event to be celebrated rather than a medical event to be endured.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ferdinand ________ was one of two physicians...

Exam 2: Biological Foundations: Heredity, Prenatal Development, and Birth