Question 1

A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely involved in which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  producing large quantities of proteins for secretion 
B)  producing large quantities of proteins in the cytosol 
C)  producing large quantities of carbohydrates to assemble an extensive cell wall matrix 
D)  producing large quantities of carbohydrates for storage in the vacuole

Question 2

Disruption of nuclear pore complexes in a eukaryotic cell will most likely interfere with the transport of which of the following molecules out of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  amino acids 
C)  mRNA 
D)  phospholipids

Question 3

Which of the following is the most appropriate technique for observing the three-dimensional structure and organization of microvilli on an intestinal cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  a using a magnifying glass 
B)  standard light microscopy 
C)  scanning electron microscopy 
D)  transmission electron microscopy

Question 4

Which of the following structures is independent of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear envelope 
B)  chloroplast 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  plasma membrane

Question 5

Which of the following structures are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria 
B)  ribosomes 
C)  chloroplasts 
D)  lysosomes

Question 6

The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells, and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following characteristics is common to all of these extracellular structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  They must block water and small molecules to regulate the exchange of matter and energy with their environment. 
B)  They must provide a rigid structure that maintains an appropriate ratio of cell surface area to volume. 
C)  They are constructed of materials that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell for assembly. 
D)  They are composed of a mixture of lipids and nucleotides.

Question 7

Examination of a cell by transmission electron microscopy reveals a high density of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This observation suggests that the cell is actively producing large amounts of which of the following molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  polysaccharides 
B)  proteins 
C)  lipids 
D)  nucleic acids

Question 8

Which of the following is the most appropriate technique for observing and measuring the size of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  a using a magnifying glass 
B)  standard light microscopy 
C)  scanning electron microscopy 
D)  transmission electron microscopy

Question 9

Cytochalasin D is a drug that prevents actin polymerization. Which of the following processes will be unaffected in cells treated with cytochalasin D?

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoplasmic streaming 
B)  contraction of muscle fibers 
C)  extension of pseudopodia 
D)  movement of transport vesicles in the cytosol

Question 10

Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. In a cell exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria 
B)  ribosomes 
C)  peroxisomes 
D)  lysosomes

Question 11

Which of the following parameters is most likely to limit the maximum size of a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  the absence of a nucleus 
B)  the number of mitochondria in the cytoplasm 
C)  the ratio of surface area to volume of cytoplasm 
D)  the volume of the endomembrane system

Question 12

The nuclear lamina is an array of intermediate filaments that line the inner surface of the nuclear membrane. Disassembly of the lamina by chemical treatment would most likely result in which of the following consequences?

Accepted Answer

A)  closing of nuclear pores 
B)  the inability of the nucleus to divide during cell division 
C)  a loss of genetic information from chromosomes 
D)  a change in the shape of the nucleus

Question 13

Peroxisomes in liver cells detoxify alcohol by removing hydrogen atoms and combining them with which of the following molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  with water molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide 
B)  with oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide 
C)  with hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen 
D)  with hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen and water

Question 14

Which of the following statements describes a major advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy?

Accepted Answer

A)  light microscopy provides higher magnification than electron microscopy 
B)  light microscopy provides higher resolution than electron microscopy 
C)  light microscopy allows the visualization of dynamic processes in living cells 
D)  light microscopy provides visualization of the topography of cell surfaces

Question 15

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmodesmata 
B)  tight junctions 
C)  desmosomes 
D)  gap junctions

Question 16

Cyanide binds with at least one protein complex involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the bound cyanide is likely to be localized within which of the following organelles?

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria 
B)  peroxisomes 
C)  lysosomes 
D)  smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

Which of the following molecules is required by cells to assemble cilia or flagella?

Accepted Answer

A)  tubulin 
B)  laminin 
C)  actin 
D)  intermediate filaments

Question 18

Gaucher disease is the most common genetic disorder affecting lipid storage in humans. The disease is caused by deficiency of an enzyme necessary for the breakdown of lipids, which leads to the accumulation of fatty material in organs of the body including the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, brain, and bone marrow.
Which of the following statements provides the most plausible explanation for how organelles are impacted by Gaucher disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  The mitochondria are most likely defective and do not produce adequate amounts of ATP needed for lipid metabolism. 
B)  The rough endoplasmic reticulum most likely contains excess ribosomes, which results in overproduction of the enzyme involved in lipid breakdown. 
C)  The lysosomes most likely lack sufficient amounts of the enzymes necessary for lipid breakdown. 
D)  The Golgi apparatus most likely produces vesicles with defective membranes, which fail to be transported to the plasma membrane for secretion.

Question 19

Which of the following structures is common to plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  chloroplast 
B)  central vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  centriole

Question 20

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus. 
B)  It synthesizes the proteins required to copy DNA and make mRNA. 
C)  It synthesizes secreted proteins. 
D)  It assembles ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus.

Exam 7: Cell Structure and Function