Question 1

What type of acid-base imbalance can result from prolonged vomiting in which only the stomach contents are lost?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory acidosis 
B)  Respiratory alkalosis 
C)  Metabolic acidosis 
D)  Metabolic alkalosis

Question 2

By what mechanism do acid/base buffer systems minimize pH changes?

Accepted Answer

A)  By converting weak bases to strong bases 
B)  By converting strong acids to weak acids 
C)  By increasing the respiratory rate 
D)  By promoting the renal excretion of hydrogen ions

Question 3

In the phosphate buffer system, which compound is the acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monohydrogen phosphate 
B)  Dihydrogen phosphate

Question 4

Increased blood levels of the hormone ADH increases urine production.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The primary regulator of water intake is the mechanism of __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary regulator of water intake is...

Question 6

Which of the following contains the greatest percentage of total body water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transcellular fluid 
B)  Blood 
C)  Extracellular fluid 
D)  Intracellular fluid

Question 7

The hormone called __________, secreted by the __________, regulates the concentration of sodium and potassium ions in extracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  aldosterone; adrenal cortex 
B)  aldosterone; hypothalamus 
C)  antidiuretic hormone; hypothalamus 
D)  antidiuretic hormone; adrenal cortex

Question 8

Fluid crosses boundaries between fluid compartments by what mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diffusion and osmosis 
B)  Hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure 
C)  Pinocytosis and phagocytosis 
D)  Active and passive transport

Question 9

As body cells increase their carbon-dioxide production, the pH of the blood will __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease 
B)  increase 
C)  not be changed

Question 10

The breakdown of glucose, the incomplete oxidation of fatty acids, and the breakdown of nucleic acids have what in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Release of hydrogen ions 
B)  Release of sodium ions 
C)  Release of hydroxide ions 
D)  Release of oxygen

Question 11

What type of compound will release the most hydrogen ions in a solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Strong acid 
B)  Weak acid 
C)  Srong base 
D)  Weak base

Question 12

What type of acid-base imbalance can result from the ingestion of too muchsodium bicarbonate to relieve indigestion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory acidosis 
B)  Respiratory alkalosis 
C)  Metabolic acidosis 
D)  Metabolic alkalosis

Question 13

The average adult female body contains relatively more __________ and less __________ than the average adult male body.

Accepted Answer

A)  water; adipose tissue 
B)  water; muscle tissue 
C)  adipose tissue; water 
D)  muscle tissue; water

Question 14

After working in her yard on a hot afternoon, Caroline has become dehydrated. As a result of the altered plasma-solute concentration, fluids will shift between compartments. Which of the following would occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fluid shifts from the extracellular compartment to the intracellular comparartment. 
B)  Fluid shifts from the intracellular compartment to the extracellular comparartment.

Question 15

Typically, the greatest loss of fluid and electrolytes occurs as a result of the function of the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Typically, the greatest loss of fluid and...

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a physiological buffer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bicarbonate buffer system 
B)  Phosphate buffer system 
C)  Protein/amino-acid buffer system 
D)  Respiratory system

Question 17

The __________ groups of amino acids and proteins can release hydrogen ions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ groups of amino acids and...

Question 18

Marielle is very thirsty following her tennis game. She drinks for a few minutes, then stops. What stimulus caused her to stop drinking?

Accepted Answer

A)  Distension of herstomach 
B)  Hormones secreted by her stomach cells 
C)  Changes in herextracellular-fluid concentration 
D)  A signal from her brainstem

Question 19

Any factor that alters water balance will also alter electrolyte balance.

Accepted Answer