Question 1

The structure labeled A,which should be well demonstrated on this projection,is the:

Accepted Answer

A)   pedicle.
B)   lamina.
C)   Odontoid process
D)   inferior articular process. C

Question 2

The AP axial-vertebral arch projection may be performed to better demonstrate the:

Accepted Answer

A)   C1 and C1-2 atlantoaxial joint spaces.
B)   articular pillars of C4-7.
C)   open intervertebral disk spaces of C3-T1.
D)   dens within the foramen magnum. B

Question 3

Along with increasing the source image receptor distance (SID),what other factor(s)will improve spatial resolution for lateral and oblique projections of the cervical spine?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increasing object image receptor distance (OI
D)  
B)   Using a small focal spot
C)   Using higher kV, lower mAs
D)   Using a breathing technique B

Question 4

A radiograph of an RAO of the cervical spine reveals that the lower intervertebral foramina are not open.The upper vertebral foramina are well visualized.Which positioning error most likely lead to this radiographic outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)   Excessive CR angulation
B)   Insufficient CR angulation
C)   Insufficient rotation of the upper body
D)   Incorrect CR placement

Question 5

Which of the following pathologic conditions is defined as "a condition of the spine characterized by rigidity of a vertebral joint"?

Accepted Answer

A)   Spondylitis
B)   Ankylosing spondylitis
C)   Spondylosis
D)   Scheuermann disease

Question 6

MATCHING
Match the vertebra with the corresponding terms and/or structures.(You may use an answer more than once.)
-Axis

Accepted Answer

A)  C7
B)  C2
C)  C1
D)  C4
E)  T1F) T7

Question 7

The body of C2 is labeled _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The body of C2 is labeled _____.
...

Question 8

A patient comes to the radiology department for a cervical spine routine.The study is ordered for nontraumatic reasons.The AP open-mouth projection reveals that the base of the skull and upper incisors are superimposed,but they are obscuring the upper portion of the dens.On the repeat exposure,what should the technologist do to demonstrate the entire dens?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increase the flexion of the skull.
B)   Increase the extension of the skull.
C)   Perform the Fuchs or Judd method.
D)   Perform the AP chewing projection.

Question 9

The zygapophyseal joints for the thoracic spine lie at an angle of ____ in relation to the midsagittal plane.

Accepted Answer

A)   45°
B)   60°
C)   70° to 75°
D)   90°

Question 10

The structure transverse process is labeled _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The structure transverse process is labeled _____.
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Question 11

Which imaging modality will best demonstrate herniated nucleus pulposus in the cervical spine?

Accepted Answer

A)   Computed tomography (CT) 
B)   Hyperflexion and hyperextension lateral projections
C)   Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 
D)   Nuclear medicine

Question 12

A radiograph of an AP thoracic spine projection reveals that the upper thoracic spine is overexposed.The lower vertebrae have acceptable density and contrast.Which one of the following modifications will improve the visibility of the upper thoracic spine?

Accepted Answer

A)   Place the upper spine under the cathode side of the tube.
B)   Use a compensating (wedge)  filter.
C)   Increase the kV to decrease the contrast of the upper spine.
D)   Use a breathing technique.

Question 13

The chin is extended for a lateral projection of the cervical spine to:

Accepted Answer

A)   open up the C1-2 joint space.
B)   demonstrate the articular pillars.
C)   open up the intervertebral joint space.
D)   prevent superimposition of the mandible upon the spine.

Question 14

How much rotation of the body is required for an LAO projection of the thoracic spine (from the plane of the table)?

Accepted Answer

A)   20°
B)   45°
C)   50° to 60°
D)   70°

Question 15

A lateral projection of the thoracic spine reveals that the upper aspect,which is a primary area of interest on this patient,is obscured by the patient's shoulders.Which of the following changes will best demonstrate this region of the spine?

Accepted Answer

A)   Use a compensating (wedge)  filter and repeat the exposure with increased kV.
B)   Angle the CR 10° to 15° cephalad.
C)   Perform the projection with the patient erect and holding weights in hand during exposure.
D)   Perform a cervicothoracic (swimmer's)  lateral position.

Question 16

Which of the following positions will demonstrate the left intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine?

Accepted Answer

A)   RAO
B)   Left posterior oblique (LPO) 
C)   Lateral
D)   LAO

Question 17

A digital (CR)image taken of a lateral thoracic spine projection demonstrates poor visibility of the spine.The image was taken on a full 14 *17-inch (35 *43 cm)IR.The following factors were used during the exposure: 80 kV,80 mAs,40-inch (102 cm)SID,and collimation to the size of the IR.Which one of the following modifications will result in a more diagnostic image?

Accepted Answer

A)   Decrease kV.
B)   Decrease mAs.
C)   Collimate to spine.
D)   Increase SID.

Question 18

Why are the anterior oblique projections (right anterior oblique [RAO]/left anterior oblique [LAO])preferred over the posterior oblique projections of the cervical spine?

Accepted Answer

A)   To make the patient more comfortable
B)   To reduce the thyroid dose
C)   To prevent overlap of the mandible over the spine
D)   To place the zygapophyseal joints closer to the image receptor

Question 19

MATCHING
Match the vertebra with the corresponding terms and/or structures.(You may use an answer more than once.)
-Typical cervical vertebra

Accepted Answer

A)  C7
B)  C2
C)  C1
D)  C4
E)  T1F) T7

Question 20

The superior articular facet is labeled _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The superior articular facet is labeled _____.
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Exam 8: Cervical and Thoracic Spine