Question 1

Very broadly, nature is to nurture as the ____ is to the _____ in Freud's theory of personality.

Accepted Answer

A) id; superego 
B) superego; id 
C) superego; ego 
D) ego; superego

Question 2

The notion that behavior is motivated by unconscious inner forces and conflicts is at the core of the _______ approach to personality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The notion that behavior is motivated by...

Question 3

Garner is imaginative, curious, and interested in new ideas. Brandy is conventional, down-to-earth, and has limited interests. It is likely that Garner scores high while Brandy scores low on the Big Five personality dimension of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) neuroticism 
B) openness 
C) extraversion 
D) agreeableness

Question 4

Your text reports that the correlation between identical twins' scores on aggression measures is about .43; the correlation between fraternal twins' scores on aggression measures is around .14. Most immediately, these coefficients indicate:

Accepted Answer

A) a sizeable genetic contribution to aggression 
B) a minor genetic contribution to aggression 
C) a minimal role for shared environmental factors in aggression 
D) both A and C

Question 5

According to Freud, the developing child must negotiate the Oedipal conflict during which stage of psychosexual development

Accepted Answer

A) oral 
B) genital 
C) anal 
D) phallic

Question 6

Which of the following sequences indicates the order of the first three stages in Freud's theory of psychosexual development, from first to last

Accepted Answer

A) oral $\rightarrow$ phallic $\rightarrow$ anal 
B) anal $\rightarrow$oral $\rightarrow$phallic 
C) anal $\rightarrow$ phallic $\rightarrow$ oral 
D) oral $\rightarrow$anal $\rightarrow$ phallic

Question 7

The predictions of Freudian theory are

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Inkblot is to picture as ________ is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A) Rorschach; TAT 
B) TAT; Rorschach 
C) MMPI; TAT 
D) Rorschach; MMPI

Question 9

According to your text, how does neo-Freudian thought differ from Freud's original theory

Accepted Answer

A) The neo-Freudians placed less emphasis on sex than did Freud. 
B) The neo-Freudians de-emphasized the role of early experience in shaping personality. 
C) The neo-Freudians placed more emphasis on the role of the unconscious than did Freud. 
D) The neo-Freudians were even more pessimistic regarding the possibility for change and growth in adulthood than was Freud himself.

Question 10

In order to protect herself from unconscious anxiety, Susie convinces herself that she hates action movies whereas, on an unconscious level, she actually loves them. This illustrates the defense mechanism known as:

Accepted Answer

A) repression 
B) reaction formation 
C) projection 
D) rationalization

Question 11

Why do dreams, fantasies, and slips of the tongue offer important data in the view of psychoanalytic psychologists

Accepted Answer

A) Dreams, fantasies, and slips of the tongue offer clues to the contents of the conscious mind. 
B) Dreams, fantasies, and slips of the tongue allow us to observe the contents of the unconscious mind directly. 
C) Dreams, fantasies, and slips of the tongue allow us to observe the contents of the conscious mind directly. 
D) Dreams, fantasies, and slips of the tongue offer clues to the contents of the unconscious mind.

Question 12

Which of the psychodynamic psychologists contributed the phrases penis envy and inferiority complex, respectively, to psychology

Accepted Answer

A) Freud and Jung 
B) Horney and Jung 
C) Horney and Adler 
D) Freud and Adler

Question 13

Which of the following describes the individual difference measure of self-efficacy

Accepted Answer

A) Conventional, superstitious, and concerned with sex 
B) Believing that one can control his or her own outcomes 
C) Examining one's own self and feelings 
D) Enjoying thinking about things

Question 14

Humanistic psychologists suggest that people are consciously motivated to reach their maximum potential; that is, people have a fundamental drive toward self-:

Accepted Answer

A) deception 
B) esteem 
C) actualization 
D) efficacy

Question 15

Barry is looking at an abstract collage of colors, lines, and shapes, trying to come up with an interpretation of it. Barry may be taking some sort of _________ personality test.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Barry is looking at an abstract collage...

Question 16

Davina is a "neat freak" who can't stand to be late for anything. Also, other people have to do things "just right" for her to be happy. A psychodynamic theorist might suggest that Davina is fixated at the ________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Davina is a "neat freak" who can't...

Question 17

Authoritarianism is one of the "Big Five" personality dimensions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which alternative correctly defines the ego

Accepted Answer

A) Represents morality and oughts 
B) Consists of primitive, instinctual urges 
C) The conscious controller of personality 
D) The representation of sexual norms

Question 19

Which of the following correctly describes Freud's anal stage of psychosexual development

Accepted Answer

A) Pleasure comes from sucking, biting, and chewing 
B) Pleasure comes from bowel and bladder elimination 
C) Pleasure comes from the genitals 
D) Mature sexual orientation is developed

Question 20

Which of the following sequences CORRECTLY arranges Allport's trait categories from the MOST SPECIFIC to the BROADEST

Accepted Answer

A) secondary $\rightarrow$ central $\rightarrow$ cardinal 
B) secondary $\rightarrow$ cardinal $\rightarrow$ central 
C) cardinal $\rightarrow$ secondary $\rightarrow$ central 
D) cardinal $\rightarrow$ central $\rightarrow$secondary

Exam 12: Personality

Very broadly, nature is to nurture as the is to the _ in Freud's theory of personality.