Question 1

According to self-determination theory, what type of motivation explains the student's effort in school when the student says, "I try so hard so I won't feel guilty or ashamed of myself."?

Accepted Answer

A) external regulation 
B) identified regulation 
C) intrinsic motivation 
D) introjected regulation

Question 2

The book asks the question, What is a reinforcer? Provide a practical answer in terms of its effect on behavior, and provide a theoretical answer in terms of why it has this effect on behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The book asks the question, What is...

Question 3

Answer the following question and explain your

Accepted Answer

The answer of Answer the following question and explain your...

Question 4

A(n) ___is an environmental object that occurs before the start of a sequence of behavior and attracts or repels the individual to engage or not in the behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) consequence 
B) incentive 
C) need 
D) punisher

Question 5

Answer the following question and explain your

Accepted Answer

The answer of Answer the following question and explain your...

Question 6

According to self-determination theory, the motivation that needs to be most enhanced in asking another person to engage in an uninteresting but important activity
E.g., recycling, cleaning) is to promote:

Accepted Answer

A) amotivation. 
B) external regulation. 
C) introjected regulation. 
D) identified regulation

Question 7

The study of extrinsic motivation revolves around three central concepts. Which of the following is not one of those concepts?

Accepted Answer

A) incentive 
B) need 
C) punishment 
D) reward

Question 8

People experience intrinsic motivation because:

Accepted Answer

A) of forethought and self-reflection. 
B) of interrelationships among contingency, cognition, and activity. 
C) people are sensitive to extrinsic rewards. 
D) people have innate psychological needs.

Question 9

If a person takes an aspirin and the aspirin makes a headache go away, then the person becomes more likely to take an aspirin for a headache in the future. This example illustrates that the aspirin acts as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) incentive. 
B) negative reinforcer. 
C) positive reinforcer. 
D) punisher.

Question 10

Which statement concerning negative reinforcement and punishment is most true?

Accepted Answer

A) They have the same effect on behavior. 
B) The first refers to incentives, while the second refers to consequences. 
C) They have opposite effects on behavior. 
D) They are synonyms-different words for the same concept.

Question 11

Which one of the following is not a "hidden cost of rewards?"

Accepted Answer

A) Rewards tend to undermine goal-directed effort. 
B) Rewards tend to undermine intrinsic motivation. 
C) Rewards tend to undermine the development of autonomous self-regulation 
D) Rewards tend to undermine conceptual understanding and the quality of learning.

Question 12

Explain why motivation researchers argue that why a person receives a reward is
at least as important in predicting its effects on motivation as is what reward is
given.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why motivation researchers argue that why...

Question 13

Consider two different ways of motivating others by using rewards. First way: "Good job, you improved your penmanship nicely."
Second way: "If you improve your penmanship today, then I'll give you a reward."
Why is the first way more effective and less harmful (in terms of side effects) than is the second way?

Accepted Answer

A) The first way offers people a clear, easy-to-follow structure in which to behave. 
B) The first way is very informational; it informs the person's sense of a job well done. 
C) The first way makes assessment of the penmanship easier and more objective, and this is true for both the student and the teacher. 
D) The first way is not more effective because people do not respond well to verbal reinforcers.

Question 14

According to Deci and Ryan's cognitive evaluation theory, all extrinsic events have two functional aspects: a controlling aspect and an informational aspect. To say that an external event is informational means that it:

Accepted Answer

A) communicates either a job done well or a job done poorly. 
B) is more likely to act as a positive reinforcer than a negative reinforcer. 
C) provides an incentive to increase motivation. 
D) signals that extrinsic motivation exceeds intrinsic motivation.

Question 15

Explain how an externally provided rationale can increase a person's self-determined
motivation to engage in an uninteresting but important task with high effort.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how an externally provided rationale can...

Question 16

Extrinsic rewards do not always undermine intrinsic motivation, as some types of extrinsic rewards are more undermining than other types. All of the following are undermining characteristics of extrinsic rewards, except:

Accepted Answer

A) controlling. 
B) expected. 
C) novel. 
D) tangible.

Question 17

Define and give one example of each of the following: positive reinforcer, negative reinforcer, punisher, reward.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define and give one example of each...

Question 18

When a drill instructor uses orders, commands, directives, and in-your-face shouts to increase recruits' compliance, his approach to motivation relies heavily on:

Accepted Answer

A) offering extrinsic incentives. 
B) promoting self-regulation. 
C) providing explanatory rationales. 
D) satisfying psychological needs.

Question 19

An externally provided rationale works as a motivational strategy during an uninteresting activity because it can:

Accepted Answer

A) calm and alleviate the person's anxiety and arousal. 
B) increase desired behavior and decrease undesired behavior. 
C) increase internalization, valuing, and identified regulation. 
D) provide the person with an opportunity to perform high-frequency, not just low-frequency, behaviors.

Question 20

___emerges spontaneously from psychological needs, personal curiosities, and innate strivings for growth.

Accepted Answer

A) Achievement motivation 
B) Extrinsic motivation 
C) Identified regulation 
D) Intrinsic motivation

Exam 5: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations

According to self-determination theory, what type of motivation explains the student's effort in school when the student says, "I try so hard so I won't feel guilty or ashamed of myself."?

The book asks the question, What is a reinforcer? Provide a practical answer in terms of its effect on behavior, and provide a theoretical answer in terms of why it has this effect on behavior.

Answer the following question and explain your

A(n) ___is an environmental object that occurs before the start of a sequence of behavior and attracts or repels the individual to engage or not in the behavior.

Answer the following question and explain your

According to self-determination theory, the motivation that needs to be most enhanced in asking another person to engage in an uninteresting but important activity E.g., recycling, cleaning) is to promote:

The study of extrinsic motivation revolves around three central concepts. Which of the following is not one of those concepts?

People experience intrinsic motivation because:

If a person takes an aspirin and the aspirin makes a headache go away, then the person becomes more likely to take an aspirin for a headache in the future. This example illustrates that the aspirin acts as a(n) :

Which statement concerning negative reinforcement and punishment is most true?

Which one of the following is not a "hidden cost of rewards?"

Explain why motivation researchers argue that why a person receives a reward is at least as important in predicting its effects on motivation as is what reward is given.

According to Deci and Ryan's cognitive evaluation theory, all extrinsic events have two functional aspects: a controlling aspect and an informational aspect. To say that an external event is informational means that it:

Explain how an externally provided rationale can increase a person's self-determined motivation to engage in an uninteresting but important task with high effort.

Extrinsic rewards do not always undermine intrinsic motivation, as some types of extrinsic rewards are more undermining than other types. All of the following are undermining characteristics of extrinsic rewards, except:

Define and give one example of each of the following: positive reinforcer, negative reinforcer, punisher, reward.

When a drill instructor uses orders, commands, directives, and in-your-face shouts to increase recruits' compliance, his approach to motivation relies heavily on:

An externally provided rationale works as a motivational strategy during an uninteresting activity because it can:

___emerges spontaneously from psychological needs, personal curiosities, and innate strivings for growth.