Question 1

Franz Alexander, a leader in the development of psychosomatic medicine, believed ____ to be the key to understanding health and disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  mental health
B)  personality
C)  environment
D)  family lineage B

Question 2

Which of the following German movements emerged as a form of resistance to the mechanistic view of life?

Accepted Answer

A)  Holism
B)  Kultur
C)  Psychoanalysis
D)  Seele A

Question 3

Charcot believed that ____ played a significant role in the onset and cessation of hysterical fits

Accepted Answer

A)  the ovaries.
B)  the suggestibility of the patient.
C)  the nervous system.
D)  a patient's life circumstances.
E)  none of the above A

Question 4

Freud's development of the free-association technique arose from his

Accepted Answer

A)  dissatisfaction with hypnosis and the need for a better therapeutic technique.
B)  disagreements with Josef Breuer on the origin of hysterical symptoms.
C)  compulsion to have an effective clinical tool, which he pioneered without a partner so that credit did not have to be shared.
D)  experience with a patient, Anna O., who showed improvement after speaking freely during a therapy session.

Question 5

What approach did scientific psychologists take to try and debunk psychoanalysis and deflate its cultural popularity?

Accepted Answer

A)  They used an approach similar to the one they used when spiritualism was threatening their cultural authority-the methods of laboratory science.
B)  Psychologists attempted to discredit Freud through any means possible, including making anti-Semitic remarks.
C)  They held a public debate during Freud's visit to the United States to discuss the validity of the psychoanalytical method.
D)  They did not try to debunk psychoanalysis but rather embraced it-demonstrating an "if you can't beat them, join them" attitude.

Question 6

Hippolyte Bernheim believed that all humans are

Accepted Answer

A)  irrational.
B)  suggestible.
C)  rational.
D)  aggressive.

Question 7

According to Charcot, those individuals predisposed to hysteria were also predisposed to

Accepted Answer

A)  mesmerism.
B)  hypnotism.
C)  long-term instability.
D)  neurosis.

Question 8

Humoral theory, developed by Greek physician Hippocrates, asserted that

Accepted Answer

A)  an optimistic attitude was effective in curing ailments, leading to the cliché "laughter is the best medicine."
B)  health depended on a balance among the body's four humors.
C)  animal spirits within the body were responsible for incurable disease.
D)  madness was the result of problematic relationships during childhood.

Question 9

Which of the following Enlightenment figures is most famous for the reform of asylums in Europe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thomas Kirkbride
B)  Benjamin Rush
C)  Jean-Martin Charcot
D)  Philippe Pinel

Question 10

The symptoms of shell shock, a condition first observed in World War I soldiers, closely mimicked the symptoms of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  neurosis
B)  depression
C)  psychosis
D)  hysteria

Question 11

Franz Anton Mesmer described the physical and mental state he induced in his patients as animal magnetism.Marquis de Puységur modified Mesmer's original version and renamed the induced state

Accepted Answer

A)  magnetic somnambulism.
B)  animal somnambulism.
C)  the Puységur effect.
D)  hypnotism.

Question 12

The geographical center for the development of psychotherapeutics at the beginning of the 20th century in the United States was

Accepted Answer

A)  Boston, Massachusetts.
B)  New York City, New York.
C)  Boulder, Colorado.
D)  Chicago, Illinois.

Question 13

Historian of psychology Gail Hornstein argues that psychologists ____ by refusing to accept psychoanalytic theory and retreating into positivism.

Accepted Answer

A)  displayed poor judgment
B)  created a rift between psychoanalytic theorists and experimental theorists that may never be repaired
C)  displayed a divided front at a time that was crucial in gaining acceptance from medical professions
D)  limited the scope and the social and personal relevance of psychological science

Question 14

Hysteria is derived from a Greek word meaning

Accepted Answer

A)  uterus.
B)  ovaries.
C)  neurotic.
D)  nervousness.

Question 15

According to Freud, dreams have two levels of meaning: the ____ level, which is superficial, and the ____ level, which contains the real significance of dreams.

Accepted Answer

A)  latent; manifest
B)  manifest; latent
C)  superficial; latent
D)  manifest; true

Question 16

Sigmund Freud began his career in what field?

Accepted Answer

A)  Medicine
B)  Psychology
C)  Religion
D)  Philosophy

Question 17

Therapeutic nihilism refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  a common belief during the Enlightenment period that asylum reform was unnecessary because the system in place was sufficient.
B)  the notion that all mental problems are rooted in biology; therefore, medicine is the answer to madness, not therapy.
C)  the absence of belief in the possibility of developing effective treatment.
D)  a small-scale social movement before the Enlightenment that worked for asylum reform.

Question 18

During the Enlightenment period, madness was reconceptualized to mean

Accepted Answer

A)  a loss of reason.
B)  low intellectual functioning.
C)  eccentricity.
D)  creativity.

Question 19

The ____ clinical tradition was initially most influential in the United States for treatment of mental disorders.

Accepted Answer

A)  Austrian
B)  German
C)  English
D)  French

Question 20

Psychoanalysis emerged in India in the 1920s with several distinct variations on Freud's original theory, most notably with a change to

Accepted Answer

A)  the removal of the Oedipus complex.
B)  decreased emphasis on the androcentric aspects of Freud's theory and increased attention to women's experiences.
C)  emphasis on the mother-son relationship instead of Freud's father-son relationship.
D)  the five stages of personality development; Indian psychoanalysts only considered the first four to be valid.

Exam 6: The Practice of Psychology at the Interfacewith Medicine