Question 1

In classification, which of the following would be considered as a categorical variable of interest for a credit approval decision for a requester?

Accepted Answer

A)  age of the requester
B)  income of the requester
C)  revolving balance of the requester
D)  reject or accept credit approval D

Question 2

If the Euclidean distance were to be represented in a right triangle, which of the following would be considered the distance between two objects of a cluster?

Accepted Answer

A)  the hypotenuse
B)  the small leg
C)  the long leg
D)  the average of the sum of both the legs A

Question 3

In a k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm, similarity of records is based on the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  closeness of a record to numerical predictors in the other records
B)  sum of the squares of the distance between the numerical predictors
C)  set of linear functions of predictors called discriminant functions
D)  nearness of a record to its own observations A

Question 4

If bs are weights, Xs are input values, and c is a constant or intercept, provide the equation for discriminant functions, L.

Accepted Answer

A)  L =  ∑i=1biXic\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{b_{i} X_{i}}}{c}c∑i=1bi​Xi​​​ 
B)  L = b₁X₁ + b₂X₂ + ...+ bnXn + c
C)  L =  ∑i=1x(bi−Xi) 3c3\sqrt { \frac { \sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { x } \left( b _ { i } - X _ { i } \right)  ^ { 3 } } { c ^ { 3 } } }c3∑i=1x​(bi​−Xi​) 3​l0 -0c4,-6.7,10,-10,18,-10 H400000v40H1013.1s-83.4,268,-264.1,840c-180.7,572,-277,876.3,-289,913c-4.7,4.7,-12.7,7,-24,7s-12,0,-12,0c-1.3,-3.3,-3.7,-11.7,-7,-25c-35.3,-125.3,-106.7,-373.3,-214,-744c-10,12,-21,25,-33,39s-32,39,-32,39c-6,-5.3,-15,-14,-27,-26s25,-30,25,-30c26.7,-32.7,52,-63,76,-91s52,-60,52,-60s208,722,208,722c56,-175.3,126.3,-397.3,211,-666c84.7,-268.7,153.8,-488.2,207.5,-658.5c53.7,-170.3,84.5,-266.8,92.5,-289.5zM1001 80h400000v40h-400000z"/>​ 
D)  L =  b1X1+b2X2+…+bnXn+cc\sqrt{\frac{b_{1} X_{1}+b_{2} X_{2}+\ldots+b_{n} X_{n}+c}{c}}cb1​X1​+b2​X2​+…+bn​Xn​+c​l0 -0c4,-6.7,10,-10,18,-10 H400000v40H1013.1s-83.4,268,-264.1,840c-180.7,572,-277,876.3,-289,913c-4.7,4.7,-12.7,7,-24,7s-12,0,-12,0c-1.3,-3.3,-3.7,-11.7,-7,-25c-35.3,-125.3,-106.7,-373.3,-214,-744c-10,12,-21,25,-33,39s-32,39,-32,39c-6,-5.3,-15,-14,-27,-26s25,-30,25,-30c26.7,-32.7,52,-63,76,-91s52,-60,52,-60s208,722,208,722c56,-175.3,126.3,-397.3,211,-666c84.7,-268.7,153.8,-488.2,207.5,-658.5c53.7,-170.3,84.5,-266.8,92.5,-289.5zM1001 80h400000v40h-400000z"/>​

Question 5

Spam filtering for e-mails can be seen as an example of which of the following types of approaches of data mining?

Accepted Answer

A)  reduction
B)  association
C)  cause-and-effect modeling
D)  classification

Question 6

Which of the following is a definition of distance between two clusters in a complete linkage clustering?

Accepted Answer

A)  the average of distances between all pairs of objects, where each pair is made up of one object from each group
B)  the distance between the most distant pair of objects, one from each group
C)  the sum of squares of the distance between clusters
D)  the distance between the value of the shortest link between the clusters

Question 7

Divisive clustering method is different from agglomerative clustering methods in that divisive clustering methods ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  can only have a pair of subjects in each cluster
B)  separate objects into a particular cluster in one step
C)  separate n objects successively into finer groupings
D)  can only have a single subject in each cluster

Question 8

The strength of the association rule, known as lift, is calculated as the ratio of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sum of the antecedents and the consequents to the antecedents
B)  antecedents to the consequents
C)  support to the confidence level
D)  confidence to expected confidence

Question 9

Expected confidence assumes independence between the consequent and the antecedent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A musical instruments retailer has 10,000 point-of-sale transactions out of which 1500 sales included both items of electric guitars and guitar cases, and out of which 750 had sales of new strings.If the electric guitars are considered A, the guitar cases are considered B, and the strings are considered C, then the associate rule for these sales become "If A and B are purchased, then C is also purchased." Calculate the confidence level, expected confidence level, and lift for this rule, given that total transactions for C is 3000.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A musical instruments retailer has 10,000 point-of-sale...

Question 11

When using logistic regression, where p being the probability that the dependent variable Y = 1, X₁, X₂ ..., Xk are the independent variables, and β₀, β₁, β₂ ..., βk are unknown regression coefficients, ________ is called the odds of belonging to category 1(Y = 1).

Accepted Answer

A)  p(β₀ + β₁X₁ ₊ β₂X₂ + ...+ βkXk) 
B)    p1+kk−β0+β1X1+β2X2+…+βkXk\frac{p}{1+k_{k}-\beta 0+\beta_{1} X_{1}+\beta_{2} X_{2}+\ldots+\beta_{k} X_{k}}1+kk​−β0+β1​X1​+β2​X2​+…+βk​Xk​p​ 
C)    p1−p\frac{p}{1-p}1−pp​ 
D)    ∑i=1nBiXip{ \frac { \sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { n }  B_{i} X _ { i }   } { p } }p∑i=1n​Bi​Xi​​

Question 12

Which of the following features of classification, used in Excel, for a particular database will necessarily be coded to a certain value?

Accepted Answer

A)  categorical variables
B)  non-numerical variables
C)  predictor variables
D)  numerical variables

Question 13

Which of the following is true of random partitioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  It cannot be used for creating training data sets.
B)  It can contain any non-negative value from the observations.
C)  It can include negative-value observations in its data.
D)  It selects its data based on observations that have similar properties.

Question 14

Explain how data-mining using lagging and leading measures of the cause-and-effect model can help managers make business decisions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how data-mining using lagging and leading...

Question 15

Which of the following would be considered a lagging measure in a restaurant using the cause-and-modeling method of data mining?

Accepted Answer

A)  a manager who is having trouble meeting the daily demands
B)  a waiter's behavior toward a customer
C)  an accurately billed meal
D)  a satisfied customer

Question 16

Which of the following is true of logistic regression as a classifying method?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its dependent variable is always categorical.
B)  Its independent variable is always continuous or numerical.
C)  It predicts the probability of output variables based on dependent variables.
D)  It cannot be used when the dependent variable is binary.

Question 17

Which of the following is true of the value of k in the k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm?

Accepted Answer

A)  The value of k is always taken as a constant and is equal to 1.
B)  If the value of k is large, it drastically increases variability.
C)  If the value k is very large, it introduces biases into the classification decisions.
D)  If the value k is large, the classification of a record is very sensitive to the classification of the single record to which it is closest.

Question 18

In cluster analysis, the objects within clusters should exhibit a high amount of dissimilarity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The data mining approach called ________ involves the developing of analytic models to describe the relationship between metrics that drive business performance like profitability, customer satisfaction, or employee satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  association
B)  reduction
C)  cause-and-effect modeling
D)  classification

Question 20

The accuracy of the model on the test data gives a realistic estimate of the performance of the model on completely unseen data.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 12: Introduction to Data Mining

In classification, which of the following would be considered as a categorical variable of interest for a credit approval decision for a requester?

If the Euclidean distance were to be represented in a right triangle, which of the following would be considered the distance between two objects of a cluster?

In a k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm, similarity of records is based on the ________.

If bs are weights, Xs are input values, and c is a constant or intercept, provide the equation for discriminant functions, L.

Spam filtering for e-mails can be seen as an example of which of the following types of approaches of data mining?

Which of the following is a definition of distance between two clusters in a complete linkage clustering?

Divisive clustering method is different from agglomerative clustering methods in that divisive clustering methods ________.

The strength of the association rule, known as lift, is calculated as the ratio of the ________.

Expected confidence assumes independence between the consequent and the antecedent.

When using logistic regression, where p being the probability that the dependent variable Y = 1, X₁, X₂ ..., Xk are the independent variables, and β₀, β₁, β₂ ..., βk are unknown regression coefficients, ________ is called the odds of belonging to category 1(Y = 1) .

Which of the following features of classification, used in Excel, for a particular database will necessarily be coded to a certain value?

Which of the following is true of random partitioning?

Explain how data-mining using lagging and leading measures of the cause-and-effect model can help managers make business decisions.

Which of the following would be considered a lagging measure in a restaurant using the cause-and-modeling method of data mining?

Which of the following is true of logistic regression as a classifying method?

Which of the following is true of the value of k in the k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm?

In cluster analysis, the objects within clusters should exhibit a high amount of dissimilarity.

The data mining approach called ________ involves the developing of analytic models to describe the relationship between metrics that drive business performance like profitability, customer satisfaction, or employee satisfaction.

The accuracy of the model on the test data gives a realistic estimate of the performance of the model on completely unseen data.