Question 1

Which of the following statements BEST describes emerging diseases like swine flu?

Accepted Answer

A) Infectious diseases that were not previously found in humans and typically jump from an animal host to humans. 
B) Infectious diseases that existed in the past but for a variety of reasons are increasing in incidence. 
C) Infectious diseases that were previously found in humans and typically jump from a human host to animals. 
D) Non-infectious diseases that have transformed into infectious diseases.

Question 2

The precautionary principle assigns decisions about adopting new technologies to which of the following groups?

Accepted Answer

A) governmental regulatory agencies like the EPA 
B) nongovernmental consumer safety groups 
C) the corporations developing the technologies 
D) individual consumers

Question 3

Why are infectious agents more easily spread more among people who live in a city such as the one pictured below?

Accepted Answer

A) Air pollution contributes to the spread of infectious agents. 
B) Extremely crowded conditions make the transmission of infectious agents easier. 
C) Industrial pollutants like POPs increase the risk of spreading infectious diseases. 
D) Road construction allows infectious agents to move into cities.

Question 4

The rapid spread of infectious organisms is more common in rural than urban areas.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which POP is still produced and used to control malaria carry mosquitoes in countries where no affordable alternatives exist.

Accepted Answer

A) Dioxins 
B) Toxaphene 
C) DDT 
D) Mirex

Question 6

A dose that is represented as LD50 is a dose that:

Accepted Answer

A) is administered to 50% of the population. 
B) causes 50% of a population to exhibit whatever response is under study. 
C) has a threshold response of 50%. 
D) kills half of the population of test animals.

Question 7

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by mosquitoes?

Accepted Answer

A) Cholera 
B) Typhoid 
C) Cryptosporidiosis 
D) Malaria

Question 8

Briefly explain what a dose-response curve is and compare and contrast LD₅₀ and ED₅₀. Explain how this information about toxicants is applied in determining the health effects of environmental pollutants and evaluate and/or regulate chemical pollutants. What are two limitations of this approach?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly explain what a dose-response curve is...

Question 9

What effect of pesticides on birds can be interpreted from the graph below?

Accepted Answer

A) DDE (a breakdown product of DDT)residue in bird eggs has a negative correlation with reproductive success - when DDE residues are high the number of young per breeding season was low. 
B) Even though DDT was banned in 1972, reproductive success of birds has yet to improve. 
C) The graph provides evidence of how DDT bioaccumulates and biomagnifies in birds. 
D) DDT causes acute toxicity in birds.

Question 10

How does bioaccumulation occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Toxins move up the food chain, so that predators ingest higher concentrations. 
B) Toxins do not break down and remain in the environment for long periods of time. 
C) Ingested toxins -that are slow to be metabolized and excreted - are instead stored in the body. 
D) Organisms are exposed to low doses of toxins over several years.

Question 11

Endocrine disrupters:

Accepted Answer

A) are only active in very large doses or exposures 
B) only affect the reproductive capability of females 
C) affect the reproduction of fishes, birds, reptiles and mammals 
D) only affect the reproduction of humans

Question 12

Why were POPs singled out for regulation by the international community?

Accepted Answer

A) They are important pathogens. 
B) They bioaccumulate in organisms. 
C) They are highly mobile. 
D) b & c

Question 13

What can be interpreted from the figure below about the lifetime probability of death by selected causes?

Accepted Answer

A) The top three causes of death are caused by risks that are controlled by genetics as well as by lifestyle or environment. 
B) There is a greater risk of death in flying in an airplane than driving a car. 
C) All the top five causes of death are caused purely by stochastic (random)events and cannot be changed by behavior. 
D) All of these causes of death are risks that are solely controlled by environment.

Question 14

The concept that new technologies, practices, or materials, should not be adopted until there is strong evidence that they will not adversely affect human or environmental health is known as the ____________?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The concept that new technologies, practices, or...

Question 15

The test below is called a fecal coliform test. Explain what it tests for and what the results show.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The test below is called a fecal...

Question 16

Which of the following would be a symptom of acute toxicity?

Accepted Answer

A) asthma 
B) arthritis 
C) cancer 
D) dizziness

Question 17

Acute toxicity is adverse effects that occur after a long period of low-level exposure to a toxicant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Both the mothers and children shown below have breathed in polluted air over a period of time, yet only the child shows symptoms of environmentally linked respiratory diseases and is receiving treatment. This is so because:

Accepted Answer

A) A child has a higher metabolic rate and needs more oxygen, so he takes in more air. 
B) Adults living in these areas have developed a tolerance to the air pollutants that are present there. 
C) There are no known treatments available to treat adults suffering environmentally linked respiratory diseases. 
D) Young children show symptoms earlier than adults do.

Question 19

A toxicologist is most likely to study which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) The impact of acid precipitation 
B) DDT exposure in golf course workers 
C) Risk of heart disease in relation to obesity 
D) Types of malaria in Africa

Question 20

Bioaccumulation is the buildup of a persistent toxicant in an organism over time as more is taken in but little or none is removed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: Risk Analysis and Environmental Health Hazards

Which of the following statements BEST describes emerging diseases like swine flu?

The precautionary principle assigns decisions about adopting new technologies to which of the following groups?

Why are infectious agents more easily spread more among people who live in a city such as the one pictured below?

The rapid spread of infectious organisms is more common in rural than urban areas.

Which POP is still produced and used to control malaria carry mosquitoes in countries where no affordable alternatives exist.

A dose that is represented as LD₅₀is a dose that:

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by mosquitoes?

What effect of pesticides on birds can be interpreted from the graph below?

How does bioaccumulation occur?

Endocrine disrupters:

Why were POPs singled out for regulation by the international community?

What can be interpreted from the figure below about the lifetime probability of death by selected causes?

The concept that new technologies, practices, or materials, should not be adopted until there is strong evidence that they will not adversely affect human or environmental health is known as the ____________?

The test below is called a fecal coliform test. Explain what it tests for and what the results show.

Which of the following would be a symptom of acute toxicity?

Acute toxicity is adverse effects that occur after a long period of low-level exposure to a toxicant.

Both the mothers and children shown below have breathed in polluted air over a period of time, yet only the child shows symptoms of environmentally linked respiratory diseases and is receiving treatment. This is so because:

A toxicologist is most likely to study which of the following?

Bioaccumulation is the buildup of a persistent toxicant in an organism over time as more is taken in but little or none is removed.

Exam 4: Risk Analysis and Environmental Health Hazards

Which of the following statements BEST describes emerging diseases like swine flu?

The precautionary principle assigns decisions about adopting new technologies to which of the following groups?

Why are infectious agents more easily spread more among people who live in a city such as the one pictured below?

The rapid spread of infectious organisms is more common in rural than urban areas.

Which POP is still produced and used to control malaria carry mosquitoes in countries where no affordable alternatives exist.

A dose that is represented as LD50 is a dose that:

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by mosquitoes?

Briefly explain what a dose-response curve is and compare and contrast LD50 and ED50. Explain how this information about toxicants is applied in determining the health effects of environmental pollutants and evaluate and/or regulate chemical pollutants. What are two limitations of this approach?

What effect of pesticides on birds can be interpreted from the graph below?

How does bioaccumulation occur?

Endocrine disrupters:

Why were POPs singled out for regulation by the international community?

What can be interpreted from the figure below about the lifetime probability of death by selected causes?

The concept that new technologies, practices, or materials, should not be adopted until there is strong evidence that they will not adversely affect human or environmental health is known as the ____________?

The test below is called a fecal coliform test. Explain what it tests for and what the results show.

Which of the following would be a symptom of acute toxicity?

Acute toxicity is adverse effects that occur after a long period of low-level exposure to a toxicant.

Both the mothers and children shown below have breathed in polluted air over a period of time, yet only the child shows symptoms of environmentally linked respiratory diseases and is receiving treatment. This is so because:

A toxicologist is most likely to study which of the following?

Bioaccumulation is the buildup of a persistent toxicant in an organism over time as more is taken in but little or none is removed.

A dose that is represented as LD₅₀is a dose that: