Question 1

The term bioavailability means the

Accepted Answer

A)   total amount of a mineral in a food.
B)   ratio of free mineral to bound mineral in a food.
C)   amount of a mineral that is excreted by the body.
D)   amount of a mineral that can be absorbed by the body from a food. D

Question 2

Dehydration is most likely to have a negative effect on

Accepted Answer

A)   digestion of food.
B)   storage of excess energy.
C)   nerve impulse conduction.
D)   body temperature regulation. D

Question 3

A client feels constantly tired even though she is getting 8 hours of sleep each night,and she is gaining about 2 lbs a month even though she has not changed her eating habits.You discover that she eats only organic and natural foods and avoids anything that is fortified.She may have a deficiency of

Accepted Answer

A)   iron.
B)   zinc.
C)   potassium.
D)   iodine. D

Question 4

It would be most difficult for the body to maintain homeostasis if over several days someone had an inadequate intake of

Accepted Answer

A)   calcium.
B)   sodium.
C)   iron.
D)   fluoride.

Question 5

If an elderly client who lives alone and has a limited income has edema,it would be important to evaluate his or her dietary intake of sodium and

Accepted Answer

A)   protein.
B)   calcium.
C)   chloride.
D)   potassium.

Question 6

The first signal that the body needs fluid is

Accepted Answer

A)   dark,concentrated urine.
B)   the sensation of hunger.
C)   the sensation of thirst.
D)   headache.

Question 7

Wilson's disease is an inherited disorder that causes excessive accumulation of

Accepted Answer

A)   iron.
B)   zinc.
C)   copper.
D)   chromium.

Question 8

Lifestyle changes that may help prevent development of osteoporosis include

Accepted Answer

A)   reducing intake of animal protein.
B)   eating a piece of fruit with lunch every day.
C)   taking a daily multivitamin supplement with adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D.
D)   taking a 30-minute walk most days.

Question 9

A family with three young children has limited income,relies on public transportation,and has just moved into a very old apartment complex with old plumbing and lead pipes.The best recommendation to minimize lead exposure would be to

Accepted Answer

A)   use only bottled water.
B)   run the tap water for 2 minutes before using it.
C)   boil the tap water for 2 minutes before using it.
D)   use only hot water for drinking,cooking,and preparing food.

Question 10

In countries where the staple food source is unleavened bread made from whole grains,zinc deficiency may be prevented by eating

Accepted Answer

A)   refined grains.
B)   breads with yeast.
C)   fortified grains.
D)   bread in which the grains were soaked before being baked.

Question 11

A good dietary source of chromium is

Accepted Answer

A)   pasta.
B)   grapes.
C)   oatmeal.
D)   cauliflower.

Question 12

Secondary magnesium deficiency is most likely to occur in

Accepted Answer

A)   areas where access to fresh fruits and vegetables is limited.
B)   clients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
C)   association with excessive vomiting and diarrhea.
D)   association with dehydration attributable to heat exposure.

Question 13

If a woman who drinks a cup of decaffeinated coffee in the morning,a cup of fruit juice with lunch,6 cups of water throughout the day and a cup of tea at bedtime,her fluid intake would be considered

Accepted Answer

A)   dangerously low.
B)   below optimal.
C)   optimal.
D)   too high.

Question 14

If an athlete ran a marathon,sweated profusely,and drank only water with some sugar to replace fluids and carbohydrate,his or her body would increase secretion of

Accepted Answer

A)   adrenaline.
B)   aldosterone.
C)   alanine.
D)   antidiuretic hormone (ADH) .

Question 15

Long-term dietary calcium intake has the greatest effect on

Accepted Answer

A)   body temperature.
B)   muscular strength.
C)   bone calcium levels.
D)   blood calcium levels.

Question 16

The main reason that young women require more dietary iron than young men is

Accepted Answer

A)   that they absorb iron less efficiently.
B)   to compensate for their lower muscle mass.
C)   to replace blood losses during menstruation.
D)   that they recycle hemoglobin more rapidly.

Question 17

Measuring the amount of a mineral in a plant food may not necessarily indicate whether it is a valuable dietary source of that mineral because

Accepted Answer

A)   plant foods contain phytates,oxalates,and binders that reduce bioavailability.
B)   plant foods require cooking or processing to make minerals bioavailable.
C)   plants often contain inactive forms of minerals.
D)   the amount of minerals in plants varies widely,depending on growing conditions.

Question 18

An example of a food with high levels of phosphorus is

Accepted Answer

A)   rice.
B)   carrots.
C)   cheese.
D)   bananas.

Question 19

Dietary fluoride is important for

Accepted Answer

A)   decreasing staining of teeth.
B)   decreasing sensitivity of teeth.
C)   stimulating production of saliva.
D)   increasing the strength of tooth enamel.

Question 20

Hemosiderosis,storage of too much iron in the body,is most likely to occur in a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   man who drinks five or more alcoholic beverages every night.
B)   adolescent who drinks four or more soft drinks daily.
C)   toddler who prefers drinking milk to eating meals.
D)   pregnant woman who takes iron supplements.

Exam 8: Water and Minerals