Question 1

How many participants would be needed for a within-subjects experiment comparing four different treatment conditions with a total of 20 scores in each treatment?

Accepted Answer

A) ​20 
B) ​40 
C) 80 
D) ​anywhere from 20 to 80

Question 2

Outline the major advantages and disadvantages of between-subjects designs and within-subjects designs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Outline the major advantages and disadvantages of...

Question 3

Compared to a between-subjects design,the variance in a within-subjects design is greatly reduced because the ____ are measured and statistically removed.

Accepted Answer

A) ​individual differences 
B) ​carry over effects 
C) progressive error effects 
D) ​instrumentation effects

Question 4

A researcher would like to conduct an experiment,but is concerned about strong order effects.One solution is to use a ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​within-subjects design 
B) ​between-subjects design 
C) correlational design 
D) ​descriptive strategy

Question 5

What is the effect of counterbalancing?

Accepted Answer

A) ​It eliminates order effects. 
B) ​It spreads order effects evenly across the treatment conditions. 
C) It eliminates individual differences. 
D) ​It spreads individual differences evenly across treatment conditions.

Question 6

In a Latin square,____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​each participant receives each treatment in the same order 
B) ​each treatment is administered first in the series for one group of participants 
C) each participant receives a different treatment 
D) ​every possible ordering of treatment conditions is used

Question 7

In a completely counterbalanced within-subjects experiment,____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​each group receives a different treatment 
B) ​each participant receives each treatment in the same order 
C) a series of treatments is presented in every possible sequence 
D) ​participants receive a random order of treatment conditions

Question 8

One advantage of within-subjects designs is that they completely eliminate the possibility that individual differences can become confounding variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Provide an example of order effects in a within-subjects research study and explain why order effects are a concern for researchers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide an example of order effects in...

Question 10

For a within-subjects experiment,one of the primary threats to internal validity is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​individual differences that may exist within treatment conditions 
B) ​individual differences that may exist between treatment conditions 
C) the risk that participation in one treatment condition may influence scores in other treatment conditions 
D) ​the risk that one (or more) of the treatment conditions will have no influence on the participants' scores

Question 11

At a minimum,how many participants would be needed for a matched-subjects design comparing three different treatment conditions with 20 scores in each treatment?

Accepted Answer

A) ​20 
B) ​60 
C) 90 
D) ​120

Question 12

A way to control for order effects in a within-subjects experiment is to use ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​matching 
B) ​randomization 
C) holding order constant 
D) ​counterbalancing

Question 13

What is the effect of increasing the time between treatment conditions in a within-subjects experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) ​an increase in the threat of time-related history effect 
B) ​a decrease in the threat of the order effect fatigue 
C) a decrease in the threat of a time-related maturation effect 
D) ​an increase in the threat of regression to the mean

Question 14

Partial counterbalancing for four treatments would require four groups of participants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Under what circumstances is a within-subjects design not a good choice for a research study?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Under what circumstances is a within-subjects design...

Question 16

It is impossible to have order effects with a between‑subjects design.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

When one treatment condition has a lasting effect on the participants and influences their scores in later treatments,the study is confounded by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​history effects 
B) ​instrumentation 
C) carryover effects 
D) ​progressive error

Question 18

Random assignment is used to control order effects in a within-subjects experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

For a within-subjects experiment,one disadvantage of a multiple-treatment design compared to a two-treatment design is that the likelihood of participant attrition increases as the number of treatments increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which effects occur when environmental events other than the treatment influence the participants' scores in one treatment differently than in another treatment?

Accepted Answer

A) ​subject selection bias 
B) ​volunteerism 
C) fatigue 
D) ​history

Exam 9: Experimental Designs Within Subjects Design.

How many participants would be needed for a within-subjects experiment comparing four different treatment conditions with a total of 20 scores in each treatment?

Outline the major advantages and disadvantages of between-subjects designs and within-subjects designs.

Compared to a between-subjects design,the variance in a within-subjects design is greatly reduced because the ____ are measured and statistically removed.

A researcher would like to conduct an experiment,but is concerned about strong order effects.One solution is to use a ____.

What is the effect of counterbalancing?

In a Latin square,____.

In a completely counterbalanced within-subjects experiment,____.

One advantage of within-subjects designs is that they completely eliminate the possibility that individual differences can become confounding variables.

Provide an example of order effects in a within-subjects research study and explain why order effects are a concern for researchers.

For a within-subjects experiment,one of the primary threats to internal validity is ____.

At a minimum,how many participants would be needed for a matched-subjects design comparing three different treatment conditions with 20 scores in each treatment?

A way to control for order effects in a within-subjects experiment is to use ____.

What is the effect of increasing the time between treatment conditions in a within-subjects experiment?

Partial counterbalancing for four treatments would require four groups of participants.

Under what circumstances is a within-subjects design not a good choice for a research study?

It is impossible to have order effects with a between‑subjects design.

When one treatment condition has a lasting effect on the participants and influences their scores in later treatments,the study is confounded by ____.

Random assignment is used to control order effects in a within-subjects experiment.

For a within-subjects experiment,one disadvantage of a multiple-treatment design compared to a two-treatment design is that the likelihood of participant attrition increases as the number of treatments increases.

Which effects occur when environmental events other than the treatment influence the participants' scores in one treatment differently than in another treatment?