Question 1

The black dots that cover strawberries are actually individual fruits. The fleshy and tasty portion of a strawberry derives from the receptacle of a flower with many separate carpels. Therefore, a strawberry is

Accepted Answer

A)  both a multiple fruit and an aggregate fruit. 
B)  both a multiple fruit and an accessory fruit. 
C)  both a simple fruit and an aggregate fruit. 
D)  both an aggregate fruit and an accessory fruit. 
E)  a simple fruit with many seeds.

Question 2

What is the first step in the germination of a seed?

Accepted Answer

A)  pollination 
B)  fertilization 
C)  imbibition 
D)  hydrolysis of starch and other food reserves 
E)  emergence of the radicle

Question 3

All of the following floral parts are involved in pollination or fertilization except the

Accepted Answer

A)  stamen. 
B)  carpel. 
C)  petals. 
D)  sepals. 
E)  receptacle.

Question 4

Three mitotic divisions within the female gametophyte of the megaspore produce

Accepted Answer

A)  three antipodal cells, two polar nuclei, one egg, and two synergids. 
B)  the triple fusion nucleus. 
C)  three pollen grains. 
D)  two antipodal cells, two polar nuclei, two eggs, and two synergids. 
E)  a tube nucleus, a generative cell, and a sperm cell.

Question 5

The following questions refer to the diagram of an embryo sac of an angiosperm shown in Figure 38.1.
  
Figure 38.1
-Based on Figure 38.1, which cell(s), after fertilization, give(s)rise to the embryo plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 6

The following questions refer to the diagram of an embryo sac of an angiosperm shown in Figure 38.1.
  
Figure 38.1
-Based on Figure 38.1, which cell(s)guide(s)the pollen tube to the egg cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 7

Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased genetic variation in progeny 
B)  enhanced mitosis 
C)  more stable populations 
D)  rapid increases in population due to high seed production 
E)  higher reproductive success

Question 8

All of the following are primary functions of flowers except

Accepted Answer

A)  pollen production. 
B)  photosynthesis. 
C)  meiosis. 
D)  egg production. 
E)  sexual reproduction.

Question 9

Biofuels are mainly produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  the breakdown of cell wall biopolymers into sugars that can be fermented. 
B)  plants that convert hemicellulose into gasoline. 
C)  the genetic engineering of ethanol-generating genes into plants. 
D)  transgenic crops that have cell walls containing ethylene. 
E)  plants that are easy to grow in arid environments.

Question 10

The ovary is most often located on/in the

Accepted Answer

A)  stamen. 
B)  carpel. 
C)  petals. 
D)  sepals. 
E)  receptacle.

Question 11

Recent research has shown that pollination requires that carpels recognize pollen grains as "self or nonself." For self-incompatibility, the system requires

Accepted Answer

A)  the rejection of nonself cells. 
B)  the rejection of self cells. 
C)  carpel incompatibility with the egg cells. 
D)  that the flowers be incomplete. 
E)  the union of genetically identical sperm and egg cells.

Question 12

Which of the following "vegetables" is botanically a fruit?

Accepted Answer

A)  potato 
B)  lettuce 
C)  radish 
D)  celery 
E)  green beans

Question 13

A mature, unfertilized ovule in an angiosperm is the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  a single meiotic division. 
B)  a single mitotic division. 
C)  both meiotic and mitotic divisions. 
D)  mitosis from the megaspore mother cell. 
E)  differentiation from the suspensor tissues.

Question 14

In the life cycle of an angiosperm, which of the following stages is diploid?

Accepted Answer

A)  megaspore 
B)  generative nucleus of a pollen grain 
C)  polar nuclei of the embryo sac 
D)  microsporocyte 
E)  both megaspore and polar nuclei

Question 15

Which of the following is a potential advantage of introducing apomixis into hybrid crop species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cultivars would be better able to cope with a rapidly changing environment. 
B)  They would have a larger potential genome than inbred crops. 
C)  All of the desirable traits of the cultivar would be passed on to offspring. 
D)  They would benefit from positive mutations in their DNA. 
E)  It would be easier to introduce novel genes.

Question 16

Which of the following developmental processes in a seed is the most evolutionarily advantageous for the initial establishment of a viable seedling?

Accepted Answer

A)  The emergence of the radical. 
B)  The coleoptiles in monocots. 
C)  The protective layer of cutin outside of the seed coat. 
D)  The emergence of the first photosynthetically active leaves. 
E)  The development of a nutrient-rich hypocotyl.

Question 17

A parent with an S₁S₂ genotype exhibiting sporophytic self-incompatibility can potentially fertilize which of the following plant genotypes of the same species with pollen grains?

Accepted Answer

A)  S₁S₃ 
B)  S₂S₃ 
C)  S₃S₄ 
D)  S₁S₄ 
E)  Half of all the pollen grains could be successful.

Question 18

A fruit is

Accepted Answer

A)  a mature ovary. 
B)  a mature ovule. 
C)  a seed plus its integuments. 
D)  a fused carpel. 
E)  an enlarged embryo sac.

Question 19

The structure of a mature, functional fruit always includes

Accepted Answer

A)  one or more seeds. 
B)  extensive vascular connections to the parent plant. 
C)  fleshy cells rich in sugars. 
D)  brightly colored pigments to attract animal dispersers. 
E)  subtending bracts to protect against predators.

Question 20

Which of the following statements argues for an advantage for flowering plants to maintain an extended gametophyte generation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The protection of female gametophytes within ovules keeps them from drying out. 
B)  Sperm with flagella can reach the egg faster. 
C)  It provides sufficient time for the integument to develop into a seed coat. 
D)  It allows for a complex nucleus to develop. 
E)  It allows more time for potential pollination.

Exam 38: Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology