Question 1

Why does a respiratory syncytial viral infection have little adverse effect on an older child but is often life-threatening to a younger child?

Accepted Answer

A)  The older child has a better developed immune system. 
B)  The younger child has a less effective cough mechanism. 
C)  The older child has a better developed mucociliary escalator. 
D)  The younger child has fewer respiratory bronchioles.

Question 2

Which of the following clinical interventions are used to treat complications of sickle cell anemia?
I. Supplemental oxygen
II. Bronchodilators
III. Diuretics
IV. Red blood cell transfusions

Accepted Answer

A)  I and IV only 
B)  II and III only 
C)  I, II, and IV only 
D)  II, III, and IV only

Question 3

Why does an infant's respiratory distress from choanal atresia seem to lessen when the infant cries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because the anterior nares widen more 
B)  Because the infant breathes more through the mouth 
C)  Because the infant is able to generate a stronger inspiratory effort 
D)  Because accessory muscles of ventilation help stabilize the chest wall

Question 4

In the ER, a chest radiograph reveals dilation of the segmental and subsegmental bronchi. The patient complains of expectorating copious amounts of thick mucus and frequent lung infections over the last year. Which of the following conditions does this child likely have?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atelectasis 
B)  Bronchiectasis 
C)  Foreign body aspiration 
D)  Postoperative laryngotracheobronchitis

Question 5

Which of the following agents has been shown to be effective and safe in treating infants with bronchiolitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prednisone 
B)  Nebulized 3% hypertonic saline 
C)  Dexamethasone 
D)  Theophylline

Exam 26: Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases

Why does a respiratory syncytial viral infection have little adverse effect on an older child but is often life-threatening to a younger child?

Which of the following clinical interventions are used to treat complications of sickle cell anemia? I. Supplemental oxygen II. Bronchodilators III. Diuretics IV. Red blood cell transfusions

Why does an infant's respiratory distress from choanal atresia seem to lessen when the infant cries?

In the ER, a chest radiograph reveals dilation of the segmental and subsegmental bronchi. The patient complains of expectorating copious amounts of thick mucus and frequent lung infections over the last year. Which of the following conditions does this child likely have?

Which of the following agents has been shown to be effective and safe in treating infants with bronchiolitis?