Question 1

Determine which of the lettered claims below is equivalent to the following: If the gun cannot be sold, then it does have a trigger lock. (This can be easy to do if you symbolize the claims first and have some familiarity either with truth tables or with the Group II rules for derivations-the truth-functional equivalences.)

Accepted Answer

A) Only if the gun has a trigger lock can it be sold. 
B) The gun has no trigger lock, but it can be sold anyway. 
C) If the gun cannot be sold, then it has no trigger lock. 
D) If the gun has no trigger lock, then it can be sold.

Question 2

For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the argument's invalidity (there is only one such assignment).
P → (Q → S)
Q v R/∴ (P & R) → S

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the following argument, assign truth values...

Question 3

Determine whether the following symbolized argument is valid or invalid. If invalid, provide a counterexample; if valid, construct a deduction.
(Q & R) → P
(R → P) → S
Q/∴ S

Accepted Answer

The answer of Determine whether the following symbolized argument is...

Question 4

Determine which of the lettered claims below is equivalent to the following: If the gun has a trigger lock, then it can be sold. (This can be easy to do if you symbolize the claims first and have some familiarity either with truth tables or with the Group II rules for derivations-the truth-functional equivalences.)

Accepted Answer

A) Only if the gun has a trigger lock can it be sold. 
B) The gun has no trigger lock, but it can be sold anyway. 
C) If the gun cannot be sold, then it has no trigger lock. 
D) If the gun has no trigger lock, then it can be sold.

Question 5

Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "We cannot both increase agricultural production and avoid threatening wildlife."
W = Wildlife are (or will be) threatened.
A = Agricultural production is increased.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using the letters provided below, symbolize this...

Question 6

For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the argument's invalidity (there is only one such assignment).
S v R
S → T/∴ T → R

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the following argument, assign truth values...

Question 7

For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the argument's invalidity (there is only one such assignment).
~Q → P
R v S
Q → ~S/∴ R

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the following argument, assign truth values...

Question 8

For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the argument's invalidity (there is only one such assignment).
T → ~S
S v ~Q
~T → (Q v R)/∴ ~Q → R

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the following argument, assign truth values...

Question 9

Determine whether the following is valid or invalid:
If a flyer is on one of the bulletin boards, then you know it was approved by the Associated Students, and that flyer was approved. Therefore, it's on one of the bulletin boards somewhere.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Determine whether the following is valid or...

Question 10

Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "While pesticide use is continued, agricultural production will not increase."
A = Agricultural production is increased.
P = The use of pesticides is continued.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using the letters provided below, symbolize this...

Question 11

For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the argument's invalidity (there is only one such assignment).
P → (Q v R)
~(Q → R)
S → P/∴ ~S

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the following argument, assign truth values...

Question 12

Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "If they confirm the meeting today, Jonah will buy the necessary equipment."
A = Jonah will buy the necessary equipment.
S = They confirm the meeting today.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using the letters provided below, symbolize this...

Question 13

Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "If we are leaving next week, we'll have to book our flight today."
A = We book our flight today.
S = We are leaving next week.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using the letters provided below, symbolize this...

Question 14

For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the argument's invalidity (there are only two such assignments).
(P & Q) → (R v S)
P & Q/∴ R & S

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the following argument, assign truth values...

Question 15

Determine whether the following symbolized argument is valid or invalid. If invalid, provide a counterexample; if valid, construct a deduction.
P v (R & ~S)
Q → ~P/∴ Q → S

Accepted Answer

The answer of Determine whether the following symbolized argument is...

Question 16

Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "If we don't plant from seed, then we can't plant either annuals or perennials."
P = We plant perennials.
A = We plant annuals.
S = We plant from seed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using the letters provided below, symbolize this...

Question 17

Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "We can't plant perennials unless we plant from cuttings."
P = We plant perennials.
C = We plant from cuttings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using the letters provided below, symbolize this...

Question 18

Determine whether the following is valid or invalid:
Look, if the check bounced, then you're right: Two things will happen. First, we'd owe a penalty. And second, our records would be out of whack. Now, if our records are out of whack or if we pay a penalty-either way-then we're in big trouble, just like you said. The check isn't going to bounce, though. So relax. We're not in any trouble.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Determine whether the following is valid or...

Question 19

For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the argument's invalidity (there is only one such assignment).
~R → ~Q
~P → (R & Q)/∴ P

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the following argument, assign truth values...

Question 20

Determine whether the following symbolized argument is valid or invalid. If invalid, provide a counterexample; if valid, construct a deduction.
P → Q
Q → R
R → S
(P → S) → (Q → ~P)
~P/∴ ~Q

Accepted Answer

The answer of Determine whether the following symbolized argument is...

Exam 10: Decentralization and Performance Evaluation

For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the argument's invalidity (there is only one such assignment). P → (Q → S) Q v R/∴ (P & R) → S

Determine whether the following symbolized argument is valid or invalid. If invalid, provide a counterexample; if valid, construct a deduction. (Q & R) → P (R → P) → S Q/∴ S

Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "We cannot both increase agricultural production and avoid threatening wildlife." W = Wildlife are (or will be) threatened. A = Agricultural production is increased.

For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the argument's invalidity (there is only one such assignment). S v R S → T/∴ T → R

For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the argument's invalidity (there is only one such assignment). ~Q → P R v S Q → ~S/∴ R

For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the argument's invalidity (there is only one such assignment). T → ~S S v ~Q ~T → (Q v R)/∴ ~Q → R

Determine whether the following is valid or invalid: If a flyer is on one of the bulletin boards, then you know it was approved by the Associated Students, and that flyer was approved. Therefore, it's on one of the bulletin boards somewhere.

Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "While pesticide use is continued, agricultural production will not increase." A = Agricultural production is increased. P = The use of pesticides is continued.

For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the argument's invalidity (there is only one such assignment). P → (Q v R) ~(Q → R) S → P/∴ ~S

Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "If they confirm the meeting today, Jonah will buy the necessary equipment." A = Jonah will buy the necessary equipment. S = They confirm the meeting today.

Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "If we are leaving next week, we'll have to book our flight today." A = We book our flight today. S = We are leaving next week.

For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the argument's invalidity (there are only two such assignments). (P & Q) → (R v S) P & Q/∴ R & S

Determine whether the following symbolized argument is valid or invalid. If invalid, provide a counterexample; if valid, construct a deduction. P v (R & ~S) Q → ~P/∴ Q → S

Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "If we don't plant from seed, then we can't plant either annuals or perennials." P = We plant perennials. A = We plant annuals. S = We plant from seed.

Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "We can't plant perennials unless we plant from cuttings." P = We plant perennials. C = We plant from cuttings.

For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the argument's invalidity (there is only one such assignment). ~R → ~Q ~P → (R & Q)/∴ P

Determine whether the following symbolized argument is valid or invalid. If invalid, provide a counterexample; if valid, construct a deduction. P → Q Q → R R → S (P → S) → (Q → ~P) ~P/∴ ~Q