Question 1

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, which of the following statements about the benefits of physical activity is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Lesser amounts of activity provide little to no health benefits. 
B) Physical activity in excess of recommendations for age is harmful. 
C) The risks of participating in physical activity outweigh the health benefits. 
D) Physical activity should be enjoyable, and a variety will improve adherence.

Question 2

Which is the best treatment to protect the integument of the patient who is frail, malnourished, and immobile?

Accepted Answer

A) Offering the patient six small meals a day 
B) Turning the patient at least every 2 hours 
C) Assisting the patient to sit in a chair three times a day 
D) Administering fluid boluses as directed by the healthcare provider

Question 3

A teenage boy was hospitalized 3 weeks ago. He has been confined to bed throughout his hospital stay because of a crushed pelvis. His parents tell the nurse, "Our son is just staring off into space; he won't talk to us. He isn't acting like himself." Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) "I will inform his doctor and see whether we can get your son started on an antidepressant medication." 
B) "He is at a critical time in his life; teens are often moody, and being in the hospital with an injury will only make that worse." 
C) "Your son had a major injury, and his immobility might be causing him to feel isolated and depressed." 
D) "He is bored because he has been in the hospital for 3 weeks; I'll try to find something new for him to do."

Question 4

Which of the following actions represent proper body mechanics for nurses providing care as well as teaching patients about safe body movements? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Stand with the body in alignment and erect posture. 
B) Bend at the waist to lift heavy objects from the floor. 
C) Use a wide base of support with your feet at shoulder width. 
D) Keep objects close to your body when carrying them. 
E) Use a soft mattress to allow for the muscles to rest adequately.

Question 5

The nurse attempts to transfer a totally dependent patient from a stretcher to a bed. What is the best action to reduce the musculoskeletal risk factors for the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A) Use a mechanical lift to transfer the patient. 
B) Use a wide base of support when transferring. 
C) Ask a coworker to help transfer the patient. 
D) Use transfer roller sheet when transferring.

Question 6

A man has been admitted to the hospital unit with a medical diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). He is receiving supplemental oxygen at 2 L/min via a nasal cannula. Which positioning technique will best assist him with his breathing?

Accepted Answer

A) Fowler's position 
B) Sims' position 
C) Prone position 
D) Lateral position

Question 7

A nurse has been asked to design an exercise program with the goal of increasing a client's muscular strength and endurance. Which exercise program would specifically focus on meeting that goal?

Accepted Answer

A) Flexibility training 
B) Resistance training 
C) Aerobic conditioning 
D) Anaerobic conditioning

Question 8

A patient fractured her right ulna 8 weeks ago and has just had her cast removed. The orthopedic surgeon prescribes isometric exercises for the right arm. Which of the following exercises complies with the surgeon's orders?

Accepted Answer

A) Place a 5-pound dumbbell in the right hand and squeeze; hold the squeeze position for 6 to 8 seconds, and repeat 5 to 10 times. 
B) Grasping the right wrist with the left hand, move the right arm up, down, and side to side; hold each position for 6 to 8 seconds, and repeat 5 to 10 times. 
C) Grasping the right wrist with the left hand, pull the right arm across the body; hold this position for 6 to 8 seconds, and repeat 5 to 10 times. 
D) Press the right hand against a wall; hold this position for 6 to 8 seconds, and repeat 5 to 10 times.

Question 9

A 32-year-old with a high spinal cord injury has been admitted to the hospital for antibiotic therapy to treat pneumonia. He lives independently and has developed strong upper-body strength to maximize his independence. Which transfer device should be used when transferring him from the bed to his wheelchair?

Accepted Answer

A) Mechanical lift 
B) Transfer belt 
C) Draw sheet 
D) Transfer board

Question 10

To achieve balance, body mass must be distributed around which point?

Accepted Answer

A) Line of gravity 
B) Center of balance 
C) Center of gravity 
D) Base of support

Question 11

The nurse is helping an 82-year-old patient to ambulate in the hallway. Suddenly, she states, "I feel so light-headed and weak," as her knees begin to buckle. Which is the best action by the nurse at this time?

Accepted Answer

A) Instruct the patient to grab the rail in the hallway while he calls for assistance 
B) Immediately release the transfer device and place a wheelchair behind the patient 
C) Assist the patient to slide down his leg as he guides her to a seated or lying position 
D) Grasp her under the arms and across the chest to hold her up as he calls for assistance

Question 12

A 15-year-old patient complains of left ankle pain after being tackled while playing football. He asks the nurse what tests he needs to have to determine whether he has a strain or a fracture. How should the nurse reply?

Accepted Answer

A) "You don't need tests; I can tell by the way your ankle looks and feels whether you have a strain or a fracture." 
B) "Sprains, strains, and fractures have similar symptoms at first; you will need an x-ray of the joint to be certain." 
C) "We will need to get a venous Doppler study to make sure that there is not a fracture." 
D) "First, we need to get an MRI to determine if you have a fracture, a strain, or a sprain."

Question 13

What action is most important in limiting the nurse's risk of back injuries?

Accepted Answer

A) Use good body mechanics at all times. 
B) Develop a lift team at the clinical site. 
C) Avoid manual lifting by using assistive devices as often as possible. 
D) Work with another nurse or an aide when lifting and turning patients.

Question 14

Which would be the most appropriate goal for a frail, elderly patient with a history of emphysema and a nursing diagnosis of Risk for Injury after hip surgery?

Accepted Answer

A) Remain free from injury or falls throughout hospital stay. 
B) Increase activity tolerance by discharge from hospital. 
C) Demonstrate effective breathing when ambulating. 
D) Increase mobility by the time of discharge from hospital.

Question 15

An 82-year-old patient is unsteady on her feet when walking about the room. She reports feeling a little sore but has no complaints of weakness. Which is the appropriate piece of equipment to use when helping her ambulate?

Accepted Answer

A) Crutches 
B) Transfer belt 
C) Cane 
D) Walker

Question 16

An older patient with newly diagnosed osteoporosis asks the nurse to explain her health problem. Which is the correct description of osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Loss of bone density that increases the risk of fracture 
B) Degenerative joint disease that produces pain and decreased function 
C) Chronic inflammatory joint disease that must be treated with steroids 
D) Acute infection in the bone that must be treated with antibiotics

Exam 32: Physical Activity Immobility