Question 1

Counter-regulatory hormones include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucagon
B)  Insulin
C)  Aldosterone
D)  Dopamine A

Question 2

A nurse is educating a client in the critical care unit about lipolysis. Which statement made by the nurse is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  This occurs when the body breaks down lean muscle mass.
B)  This occurs when the body breaks down carbohydrate stores in the liver.
C)  This is the breakdown of adipose tissue for energy.
D)  This is the incomplete metabolism of fatty acids. C

Question 3

A nurse is educating the family of a client in the critical care unit. The nurse notes that incomplete metabolism of fatty acids is also known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gluconeogenesis
B)  Glycogenolysis
C)  Lipolysis
D)  Ketosis D

Question 4

A 45-year-old client is admitted to the critical care unit following a serious motor vehicle accident. A nurse performing the initial assessment is aware that major complications may include: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bleeding.
B)  Wounds.
C)  Multisystem organ failure.
D)  Sepsis.
E)  Shock.

Question 5

Which of the following chemicals respond to stress by triggering the body to retain water and sodium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ketones
B)  Glucose
C)  Antidiuretic hormone
D)  Insulin

Question 6

A nurse is educating a client in the critical care unit. The nurse notes that the client's production of sugar from noncarbohydrate stores is also known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gluconeogenesis
B)  Glycogenolysis
C)  Lipolysis
D)  Ketosis

Question 7

A client is admitted to the critical care unit with serious multisystem injuries. Which should a nurse expect from the client's body in response to life-threatening injuries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypometabolic response
B)  Hypermetabolic response
C)  Glycogenolysis
D)  Gluconeogenesis

Question 8

A nurse is changing a wound dressing on a client admitted overnight for multiple open lacerations following an accident. During the dressing change, the nurse notices swelling and redness at the wound edge. The nurse understands that this is a result of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inflammatory response
B)  Infection
C)  Sepsis
D)  Counter-regulatory hormonal response

Question 9

A nurse is caring for a client with acute respiratory distress in the critical care unit. Which does the nurse suspect will occur in this client? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Anorexia
B)  Catabolism
C)  Dumping syndrome
D)  Weight gain
E)  Increase risk of respiratory tract infection

Question 10

A nurse is teaching a critical care unit client's family about hypermetabolism. The nurse explains that characteristics of this condition include which of the following? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative nitrogen balance
B)  Decreased oxygen consumption
C)  Hypoglycemia
D)  Decreased metabolic rate
E)  Hyperglycemia

Question 11

A client in the critical care unit is noted to have a change in their clinical status and is now agitated and confused. A nurse assesses the blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and a fingerstick blood sugar. The results are blood pressure: 110/60; pulse: 84; respiratory rate: 20; oxygen saturation: 96%; fingerstick blood sugar: 45 mg/dL. Based upon these results, what does the nurse suspect as the cause for the client's change in mental status?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood pressure
B)  Oxygen saturation
C)  Pulse
D)  Blood sugar

Question 12

A client is in the critical care unit following abdominal surgery. A nurse is assessing bowel sounds to determine whether the client is able to begin taking in food and liquids by mouth. Which of the following is the nurse assessing for?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peristalsis
B)  Hypermetabolism
C)  Wound infection
D)  Sepsis

Question 13

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for her client in the critical care unit. The nurse notices that the C-reactive protein (CRP) is elevated. The nurse understands that this is a result of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inflammatory response
B)  Infection
C)  Pain
D)  Counter-regulatory hormonal response

Question 14

Which of the following conditions place the client at an increased risk for refeeding syndrome? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Alcoholism
B)  Obesity
C)  Recent surgery
D)  Chronic weight loss
E)  Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Question 15

A nurse is educating the family of a client who is in the critical care unit. The nurse notes that the breakdown of the liver's carbohydrate stores is also known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gluconeogenesis
B)  Lipolysis
C)  Glycogenolysis
D)  Ketosis

Question 16

Which of the following physical stressors have the greatest impact on metabolism? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Exercise
B)  Cancer
C)  Major surgery
D)  Burns
E)  Malnutrition

Question 17

A client in the critical care unit is scheduled to receive an enteral feed via gastrostomy tube. A nurse reviews the client's chart and realizes that the feeding should not be given for which reason?

Accepted Answer

A)  The client is experiencing nausea.
B)  The client is being treated for peritonitis.
C)  The client is not alert or oriented.
D)  The client is unable to take liquids by mouth.

Question 18

A nurse is educating a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains that the client will want to select foods high in which of the following? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Iron
B)  Vitamin B12
C)  Selenium
D)  Vitamin A
E)  Vitamin E

Question 19

A client with which of the following conditions requires the greatest increase in kilocaloric demand?

Accepted Answer

A)  Surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome
B)  Abdominal surgery for a perforated bowel
C)  Anterior cruciate ligament surgical repair
D)  Burns over abdomen and right leg

Question 20

A client who was reported missing 5 days prior is admitted to the critical care unit. A nurse notes that the client is cachectic and dehydrated, but otherwise without notable disease. The nurse understands that the client is likely experiencing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wasting syndrome
B)  Uncomplicated starvation
C)  Sepsis
D)  Multisystem organ failure

Exam 22: Nutrition in Critical Care