Question 1

The type and amount of ginsenosides present are strictly regulated among the different forms of ginseng.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Based on current research findings, the most likely factor underlying the ergogenic effect of caffeine during exercise is its

Accepted Answer

A)  effect to increase fatty acid oxidation 
B)  effect to stimulate the nervous system 
C)  effect to prevent dehydration 
D)  effect to increase red blood cells and hemoglobin 
E)  effect to spare use of muscle glycogen

Question 3

Most studies indicate human growth hormone has been shown to have an ergogenic effect on muscle size,
strength and power in both young and older men.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The main reason to use sodium bicarbonate is to help buffer the lactic acid produced when the lactic acid
energy system is utilized.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Consumption of 2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink per day for women is unlikely to increase health risks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Although caffeine is generally regarded to be a relatively safe drug when consumed in moderate amounts, research suggests one of the following may be a health risk associated with caffeine intake via coffee or tea.

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased risk of cognitive decline 
B)  Increased risk of coronary heart disease 
C)  Increased risk of diabetes 
D)  Increased risk of high blood pressure 
E)  Increased risk of asthma

Question 7

Recent epidemiological research has shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  light to moderate consumption of alcohol is associated with increased mortality. 
B)  alcohol reduces the risk of heart disease by raising the levels of LDL cholesterol. 
C)  pigments in red wine contain polyphenols and other phytochemicals that may help increase coronary heart disease. 
D)  moderate alcohol should not be construed as "healthy alcohol use" and abstinence is generally recommended by health authorities for some individuals.

Question 8

Numerous research studies and reviews conclude that caffeine intake prior to exercise in hot environmental
conditions will increase body heat production, impair sweat production, and impair endurance exercise performance

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding the use of prohormone dietary supplements, such as androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone, is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Almost all studies show that dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione increase muscle mass, muscular strength, and muscular power 
B)  Use of anabolic prohormones has been prohibited by most athletic governing organizations, such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WAD
A)  
C)  Although previously marketed as dietary supplements, these prohormones have been classified as controlled drugs, similar to the anabolic/androgenic steroids 
D)  DHEA and androstenedione may be converted to testosterone following ingestion E Although these prohormones have been marketed as dietary supplements and presumed to be safe,
) they may actually pose some health risks, such as lowering of HDL-cholesterol (the good cholesterol)

Question 10

Caffeine may be classified as a

Accepted Answer

A)  food ingredient 
B)  dietary supplement 
C)  drug 
D)  stimulant 
E)  all of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is not a physiological effect of caffeine?

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulates the central nervous system 
B)  increase the release of calcium ions in the muscle cell 
C)  decreases the metabolic rate 
D)  increases heart rate and force of contraction 
E)  increases the secretion of epinephrine

Question 12

Individuals who desire to experiment with long-term ginseng supplementation should consult with their
physicians because ginseng may exacerbate various health problems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Anabolic/androgenic steroids are classified as experimental substances so unlawful purchase and/or distribution is subject to minor penalties.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Research generally supports the theory that caffeine may enhance performance in long distance endurance events. Which of the following is the LEAST likely hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  it may exert a direct effect on the muscles to increase muscle contractile force 
B)  it stimulates the release of epinephrine from the adrenal gland 
C)  it decreases the use of both free fatty acids and muscle glycogen 
D)  it may exert a psychological stimulating effect 
E)  it may decrease the perception of effort during exercise

Question 15

Ethyl alcohol is normally classified as a psychoactive drug or nutrient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Alcohol has been effective as a means to improve performance due to its utilization as an energy source during
exercise.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The actual content of ephedrine may vary from that stated on the label because product inconsistency is
common.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which one of the following allegations regarding alcohol is NOT accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no evidence that alcohol can substitute for other fat sources in the body 
B)  Alcohol may reduce gluconeogenesis by the liver and glucose uptake by the legs during the latter stages of exercise 
C)  Alcohol ingestion may decrease urine production by decreasing release of the anti-diuretic hormone 
D)  Research does not support the use of alcohol in sports involving perceptual-motor activities

Question 19

Decaffeinated coffee is caffeine-free.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Regarding the effect of caffeine on exercise performance, a review of the available research suggests

Accepted Answer

A)  caffeine ingestion increases epinephrine levels during exercise and may exert a stimulating psychological effect. 
B)  the perception of effort during exercise is heightened and thereby improves performance. 
C)  abstaining from caffeine for 2-4 days prior to competition heightens the effect of caffeine when taken. 
D)  caffeine may raise serum free fatty acids levels at rest just before exercise and increase the use of fat as an energy source during exercise.

Exam 13: Food Drugs and Related Supplements

The type and amount of ginsenosides present are strictly regulated among the different forms of ginseng.

Based on current research findings, the most likely factor underlying the ergogenic effect of caffeine during exercise is its

Most studies indicate human growth hormone has been shown to have an ergogenic effect on muscle size, strength and power in both young and older men.

The main reason to use sodium bicarbonate is to help buffer the lactic acid produced when the lactic acid energy system is utilized.

Consumption of 2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink per day for women is unlikely to increase health risks.

Although caffeine is generally regarded to be a relatively safe drug when consumed in moderate amounts, research suggests one of the following may be a health risk associated with caffeine intake via coffee or tea.

Recent epidemiological research has shown that

Numerous research studies and reviews conclude that caffeine intake prior to exercise in hot environmental conditions will increase body heat production, impair sweat production, and impair endurance exercise performance

Which of the following statements regarding the use of prohormone dietary supplements, such as androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone, is FALSE?

Caffeine may be classified as a

Which of the following is not a physiological effect of caffeine?

Individuals who desire to experiment with long-term ginseng supplementation should consult with their physicians because ginseng may exacerbate various health problems.

Anabolic/androgenic steroids are classified as experimental substances so unlawful purchase and/or distribution is subject to minor penalties.

Research generally supports the theory that caffeine may enhance performance in long distance endurance events. Which of the following is the LEAST likely hypothesis?

Ethyl alcohol is normally classified as a psychoactive drug or nutrient.

Alcohol has been effective as a means to improve performance due to its utilization as an energy source during exercise.

The actual content of ephedrine may vary from that stated on the label because product inconsistency is common.

Which one of the following allegations regarding alcohol is NOT accurate?

Decaffeinated coffee is caffeine-free.

Regarding the effect of caffeine on exercise performance, a review of the available research suggests