Question 1

For a number of reasons, the decision as to whether or not you should accept the
responsibility of designing a behavioral program might be influenced, in part, by
whether or not you live in an urban or a rural setting.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Behavior modification has been successfully applied within each of the following areas: education, social work, rehabilitation medicine, industry, and sports.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Self-monitoring, cognitive restructuring, and reducing eating rate are all major
components of contemporary strategies for treating obesity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

When a behavior must occur before a reinforcer will be presented, we say that the reinforcer is contingent upon that behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

When observing an undesirable behavior prior to introducing an extinction program, you would take into account:

Accepted Answer

A) events that may be reinforcing the behavior 
B) ways to minimize the number of trials for the extinction program 
C) punishers that may be used to decrease the behavior that is to be extinguished 
D) how to implement the program without the client's knowledge

Question 6

Sport-specific behavioral checklists, like traditional psychological tests, have norms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

For children who suffer from enuresis (chronic bedwetting), the pressure from a full bladder when the child is asleep is not sufficient to cause the child to awaken.An apparatus is wired to the child's bed such that when the child urinates during the night, a tone sounds to awaken the child.Eventually the child learns to awaken to pressure on the bladder, and can then urinate in the toilet.In this example, the CR is:

Accepted Answer

A) awakening to the tone 
B) urinating in the bed 
C) urinating in the toilet 
D) awakening to pressure on the bladder

Question 8

The baseline phase of the reversal-replication design should continue until the pattern of performance is ____________or until it shows a trend in the direction ____________that predicted when treatment is introduced.

Accepted Answer

A) increasing; the same as 
B) decreasing; opposite to 
C) stable; opposite to 
D) decreasing; the same as

Question 9

The principle of positive reinforcement states that:

Accepted Answer

A) if, in a given situation, an individual is given a choice of two or more items, the item chosen will be the positive reinforcer 
B) if, in a given situation, somebody does something that is immediately followed by a positive reinforcer, then that person is more likely to do the same thing again 
C) if, in a given situation, an individual is positively reinforced, then that individual will select that situation in future opportunities 
D) a reinforcer can be used to strengthen behavior

Question 10

Food deprivation is a type of motivating operation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Many people play racquetball without wearing protective goggles.This is because:

Accepted Answer

A) the negative consequences are very delayed 
B) they want to look macho 
C) the negative consequences are highly improbable 
D) the negative consequences are only cumulatively significant

Question 12

Suppose that a child is typically noncompliant when asked to do a particular task.The teacher therefore asks the child to perform three tasks in succession that the child likes to do, and then asks the child to perform the task on which he is noncompliant.As a result of this procedure, the child performs all four tasks.This illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A) response generalization 
B) behavioral momentum 
C) stimulus generalization 
D) behavior maintenance

Question 13

If teaching a child to say "dog" in the presence of a small brown dog increases the chances that the child will also say "dog" to small black dogs and large white dogs, we say that______ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A) response generalization 
B) stimulus control 
C) stimulus generalization 
D) stimulus discrimination

Question 14

A behavior change is likely due to indirect acting effects of positive reinforcement if the behavior that is measured shows some increase in strength prior to the first occurrence of the consequence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A problem behavior consistently occurs in a certain situation or in the presence of certain stimuli, and is never followed by any clearly identifiable consequence.These are indicators that the problem behavior is:

Accepted Answer

A) an elicited respondent 
B) maintained by social positive reinforcement 
C) maintained by external sensory positive reinforcement 
D) maintained by escape from demands

Question 16

Behavior modifiers must confine themselves to a small number of methods that are appropriate only for very simple behavior problems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

On a(n)___________schedule of reinforcement, a reinforcer is presented if a specified period of time passes and a particular behavior does not occur during that time.

Accepted Answer

A) DRA 
B) DRI 
C) DRL 
D) DRO

Question 18

To stop drinking, an alcoholic surrounds himself with members of Alcoholics Anonymous and stops seeing his old drinking buddies.This is an example of symbolic modeling.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Why do individuals reinforce the undesirable behavior of others?

Accepted Answer

A) the undesirable behavior is an aversive event which reinforcement terminates (for a while) 
B) these individuals are reinforced by other individuals' failures 
C) we learn more from our mistakes than from our successes 
D) the undesirable behavior is undergoing shaping

Question 20

A behavior is likely to extinguish very slowly if:

Accepted Answer

A) that behavior was reinforced intermittently prior to the extinction program 
B) that behavior was reinforced continuously prior to the extinction program 
C) an alternative desirable behavior is reinforced 
D) there is no aggression as a side-effect

Exam 31: Shaping and Schedules of Reinforcement: A Comprehensive Guide

For a number of reasons, the decision as to whether or not you should accept the responsibility of designing a behavioral program might be influenced, in part, by whether or not you live in an urban or a rural setting.

Behavior modification has been successfully applied within each of the following areas: education, social work, rehabilitation medicine, industry, and sports.

Self-monitoring, cognitive restructuring, and reducing eating rate are all major components of contemporary strategies for treating obesity.

When a behavior must occur before a reinforcer will be presented, we say that the reinforcer is contingent upon that behavior.

When observing an undesirable behavior prior to introducing an extinction program, you would take into account:

Sport-specific behavioral checklists, like traditional psychological tests, have norms.

The baseline phase of the reversal-replication design should continue until the pattern of performance is or until it shows a trend in the direction that predicted when treatment is introduced.

The principle of positive reinforcement states that:

Food deprivation is a type of motivating operation.

Many people play racquetball without wearing protective goggles.This is because:

If teaching a child to say "dog" in the presence of a small brown dog increases the chances that the child will also say "dog" to small black dogs and large white dogs, we say that______ has occurred.

A behavior change is likely due to indirect acting effects of positive reinforcement if the behavior that is measured shows some increase in strength prior to the first occurrence of the consequence.

A problem behavior consistently occurs in a certain situation or in the presence of certain stimuli, and is never followed by any clearly identifiable consequence.These are indicators that the problem behavior is:

Behavior modifiers must confine themselves to a small number of methods that are appropriate only for very simple behavior problems.

On a(n) ___________schedule of reinforcement, a reinforcer is presented if a specified period of time passes and a particular behavior does not occur during that time.

To stop drinking, an alcoholic surrounds himself with members of Alcoholics Anonymous and stops seeing his old drinking buddies.This is an example of symbolic modeling.

Why do individuals reinforce the undesirable behavior of others?

A behavior is likely to extinguish very slowly if: