Question 1

The bulldog ant has a diploid number of two chromosomes. Therefore, following meiosis, each daughter cell will have a single chromosome. In addition to mutations, how might genetic diversity be generated in this species?

Accepted Answer

A)  crossing over only 
B)  independent assortment only 
C)  crossing over and random fertilization 
D)  nothing else

Question 2

For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I.Prophase I 
V.Prophase II
II.Metaphase I 
VI.Metaphase II
III.Anaphase I 
VII.Anaphase II
IV.Telophase I 
VIII.Telophase II
-Centromeres of sister chromatids disjoin and chromatids separate.

Accepted Answer

A)  III 
B)  IV 
C)  V 
D)  VII

Question 3

In eukaryotes, genetic information is passed to the next generation by processes that include mitosis or meiosis. Which of the following explanations correctly identifies the process and supports the claim that heritable information is passed from one generation to another?

Accepted Answer

A)  During mitosis, DNA replication occurs twice within the cell cycle to insure a full set of chromosomes within each of the daughter cells produced. 
B)  Mitosis, followed by cytokinesis, produces daughter cells that are genetically different from the parent cell, thus insuring variation within the population. 
C)  In asexual reproduction, a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of its genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes. 
D)  Single-celled organisms can fuse their cells, reproducing asexually through mitosis to form new cells that are not identical to the parent cell.

Question 4

If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G₁ phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I will be

Accepted Answer

A)  0.25x. 
B)  0.5x. 
C)  x. 
D)  2x.

Question 5

A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is

Accepted Answer

A)  a sperm. 
B)  an egg. 
C)  a zygote. 
D)  a somatic cell of a male.

Question 6

Which of the following processes facilitates the fastest way for organisms to adapt to a changing environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation 
B)  asexual reproduction 
C)  sexual reproduction 
D)  mitosis

Question 7

During which of the following processes do sister chromatids separate from each other?

Accepted Answer

A)  during meiosis I only 
B)  during meiosis II only 
C)  during both mitosis and meiosis I 
D)  during both mitosis and meiosis II

Question 8

Crossing over of chromosomes normally takes place during which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis II 
B)  meiosis I 
C)  mitosis 
D)  mitosis and meiosis II

Question 9

How does natural selection apply to sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sexual reproduction results in many new gene combinations, some of which will lead to differential reproduction. 
B)  Sexual reproduction results in the greatest number of new mutations. 
C)  Sexual reproduction allows the greatest number of offspring to be produced. 
D)  Sexual reproduction utilizes far less energy than asexual reproduction.

Question 10

A triploid cell contains three sets of homologous chromosomes. If a cell of a diploid species that normally has 42 chromosomes per cell is triploid, this cell would be expected to have which of the following sets of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  63 chromosomes in 31 1/2 pairs 
B)  63 chromosomes in 21 sets of 3 
C)  63 chromosomes, each with 3 sister chromatids 
D)  21 chromosome pairs and 21 unique chromosomes

Question 11

For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I.Prophase I 
V.Prophase II
II.Metaphase I 
VI.Metaphase II
III.Anaphase I 
VII.Anaphase II
IV.Telophase I 
VIII.Telophase II
-Homologous chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the spindle.

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  IV 
D)  VI

Question 12

Which of the following processes occurs when homologous chromosomes cross over in meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two sister chromatids get tangled, resulting in one re-sequencing its DNA. 
B)  Two sister chromatids exchange identical pieces of DNA. 
C)  Corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids are exchanged. 
D)  Maternal alleles are "corrected" to be like paternal alleles and vice versa.

Question 13

The two homologs of a pair move toward opposite poles of dividing cell during

Accepted Answer

A)  mitosis. 
B)  meiosis I. 
C)  meiosis II. 
D)  fertilization.

Question 14

Which of the following processes occurs in a plant's sexual life cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  sporophytes produce gametes by meiosis 
B)  gametophytes produce gametes by mitosis 
C)  gametophytes produce gametes by meiosis 
D)  sporophytes produce gametes by mitosis

Question 15

DNA was isolated from three different cell types of the same organism, the relative DNA content for each type was determined, and the results were plotted on the graph shown in the figure below. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions.
 
-Which sample of DNA might represent a zygote?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  either I or II

Question 16

During which of the following phases of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaphase II 
B)  prophase I 
C)  mitosis 
D)  anaphase I

Question 17

If we continue to follow the cell lineage from question 4, then the DNA content of a single cell at metaphase of meiosis II will be

Accepted Answer

A)  0.25x. 
B)  0.5x. 
C)  x. 
D)  2x.

Question 18

Refer to the drawings in the figure below of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following question(s).
 
-Which diagram represents anaphase II of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  III 
C)  IV 
D)  V

Question 19

Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  the random way each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I 
B)  the random combinations of eggs and sperm during fertilization 
C)  the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II 
D)  the diverse combination of alleles that may be found within any given chromosome

Question 20

During which of the following phases of meiosis do centromeres split and sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaphase I 
B)  telophase I 
C)  anaphase II 
D)  telophase II

Exam 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles