Question 1

Religion played a very important role in defining the political geography of Europe. Which areas of Europe remained predominantly Catholic? Lutheran? Calvinist? Did religious diversity exist? If so, where?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Religion played a very important role in...

Question 2

According to humanists, what was the goal of all education?

Accepted Answer

A)  To achieve a higher-paying job 
B)  To bring the individual closer to God 
C)  To make people better Christians 
D)  To benefit the common good

Question 3

Protestants differed from Catholics by insisting what about the priesthood?

Accepted Answer

A)  That it was unnecessary 
B)  That it had no basis in Scripture 
C)  That it was never a part of the early church 
D)  That it belonged to all believers

Question 4

Which of the following principles was central to Calvin's theology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Free will 
B)  Predestination 
C)  Christian liberty 
D)  Justification by good works

Question 5

What was the status of women, both upper class and common, between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance? How did women's status change during the Renaissance? What does this reveal about Renaissance society in general?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the status of women, both...

Question 6

Discuss the attempts-religious and secular-to reassert the unity of a Catholic Europe. Was this two-pronged offensive effective? Why or why not? In what ways did religion and politics work against each other?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the attempts-religious and secular-to reassert the...

Question 7

How did the creator of this woodcut communicate his view that the selling of indulgences was deceitful?

Accepted Answer

A)  He placed a dove above the head of the peddler. 
B)  He included a very large chest in which money was collected. 
C)  He placed the peddler on a donkey, which represents ignorance. 
D)  Those buying the indulgence appear overly eager.

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions :
-humanism

Accepted Answer

A) A French word meaning "rebirth," used to describe a cultural movement that began in fourteenth-century Italy and looked back to the classical past. 
B) Financial support of writers and artists by cities, groups, and individuals, often to produce specific works or works in specific styles. 
C) A program of study designed by Italians that emphasized the critical study of Latin and Greek literature with the goal of understanding human nature. 
D) A group from northern Europe who thought that the best elements of classical and Christian cultures should be combined and saw such learning as a way to bring about reform of the church and deepen people's spiritual lives. 
E) An argument about women's character, nature, and proper role in society that began in the later years of the fourteenth century and lasted for centuries.
F)A religious reform movement that began in the early sixteenth century and split the Western Christian Church.
G)A document issued by the pope that substituted for earthly penance or time in purgatory.
H)An assembly of representatives from the territories of the Holy Roman Empire convened by Charles V in the city of Worms in 1521. It was here that Martin Luther refused to recant his writings.
I)Originally meaning "a follower of Luther," this term came to be generally applied to all non-Catholic western European Christians.
J)Calvin's teaching that God decided at the beginning of time who could be saved and who damned, so people could not actively work to achieve salvation.
K)Members of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1540, whose goal was the spread of the Roman Catholic faith through schools and missionary activity.
L)French Calvinists.
M)Catholic and Protestant moderates who sought to end the religious violence in France by restoring a strong monarchy and granting official recognition to the Huguenots.
N)Campaign against witchcraft in Europe and European colonies during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in which hundreds of thousands of people, mostly women, were tried, and many of them executed.

Question 9

The Inquisition established by Isabella and Ferdinand in Spain was particularly aimed at whom?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humanist scholars who opposed the king's policies 
B)  Conversos 
C)  Tax collectors 
D)  Educated women

Question 10

Which of these best describes England at the time of the death of Henry VII?

Accepted Answer

A)  At war both domestically and internationally 
B)  At war domestically, but at peace internationally 
C)  At peace both domestically and internationally 
D)  At peace domestically but at war internationally

Question 11

Discuss how African slaves fit into the society and culture of Renaissance Europe.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss how African slaves fit into the...

Question 12

According to Luther, how did one achieve salvation?

Accepted Answer

A)  From all good works 
B)  Through missionary work 
C)  Through faith alone 
D)  By being predestined to receive it

Question 13

What motivated German princes to support Martin Luther's challenge to the Roman Catholic hierarchy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What motivated German princes to support Martin...

Question 14

Under King Henry VIII, who was the head of the Church of England?

Accepted Answer

A)  Henry VIII 
B)  Thomas More 
C)  The pope 
D)  Thomas Cromwell

Question 15

Martin Luther's "Ninety-five Theses on the Power of Indulgences" was a response to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  His personal struggle with the question of salvation 
B)  Being charged with clerical immorality 
C)  The draining of Germany's wealth by the papacy 
D)  The local archbishop's promotion of the sale of indulgences

Question 16

With the spread of new ideas at the beginning of the Renaissance, how did the wealthy begin to view life?

Accepted Answer

A)  As an opportunity for enjoyment and not just a painful pilgrimage to heaven 
B)  As a superior alternative to the afterlife, which was viewed with apprehension 
C)  As a painful penitential journey 
D)  As requiring constant physical activity

Question 17

In what ways were Martin Luther's ideas "humanist"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what ways were Martin Luther's ideas...

Question 18

Which of the following emerged as a distinct genre in Renaissance art?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elaborate depictions of pagan gods 
B)  Individual portraits showing human ideals 
C)  Depictions of Christian saints in human forms 
D)  Landscape paintings

Question 19

Petrarch and other humanist poets and writers sought to reconnect with the culture and texts of what earlier society?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Hebrews of Judaea 
B)  The Roman Empire 
C)  The empire of Alexander 
D)  The Early Middle Ages

Question 20

What right did France win from the papacy in 1516?

Accepted Answer

A)  The right to grant the king a divorce 
B)  The right to tax the clergy 
C)  The right to appoint church officials 
D)  The right to independently translate the Bible

Exam 15: Europe in the Renaissance and Reformation, 1350-1600