Question 1

The organelles responsible for the bulk of ATP production via cellular respiration are the
.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The organelles responsible for the bulk of...

Question 2

Some people trying to lose weight have gone on the Atkins diet, in which they eat mostly high-protein, low-carbohydrate foods such as meat, cheese, and eggs. The amino acids in these protein-rich diets, such as alanine, glycine, and serine, can be converted to pyruvate by deamination (removal of the amino group).
Based on this scenario as well as your knowledge of cellular respiration, how many ATP, NADH, and FADH2 molecules will be generated from one molecule of alanine during the mitochondrial matrix reactions? Hint: Only consider the reactions from the point at which the alanine carbons enter cellular respiration.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 FADH2, 6 NADH, and 2 ATP 
B)  0 FADH2, 1 NADH, and 2 ATP 
C)  2 FADH2, 3 NADH, and 2 ATP 
D)  1 FADH2, 4 NADH, and 1 ATP 
E)  1 FADH2, 1 NADH, and 1 ATP

Question 3

In the Krebs cycle, electron-carrier molecules are produced as a result of individual reactions. NAD+ is reduced as one chemical compound is converted to another EXCEPT during the conversion of

Accepted Answer

A)  isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate. 
B)  α-ketoglutarate to succinate. 
C)  succinate to fumarate. 
D)  malate to oxaloacetate.

Question 4

Some plans for weight loss include eating a low-carbohydrate diet. In the absence of a lot of glucose in the diet, what other food molecules can be used to extract energy for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein and fats 
B)  Fats only 
C)  Protein only

Question 5

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  36 
C)  34 
D)  2 
E)  No ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis.

Question 6

All of the following are true statements about ATP EXCEPT that it is

Accepted Answer

A)  a short-term energy-storage compound. 
B)  the cellʹs principal compound for energy transfers. 
C)  the molecule that all living cells rely on to do work. 
D)  synthesized only within mitochondria.

Question 7

The metabolic breakdown of one molecule of glucose generates the greatest amount of ATP energy during

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis. 
B)  fermentation. 
C)  mitochondrial matrix reactions. 
D)  the Krebs cycle. 
E)  ETC.

Question 8

is the first stage in glucose metabolism and does not require oxygen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of is the first stage in glucose metabolism...

Question 9

What is the significance of the conversion of pyruvate to lactate during fermentation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The oxidation of pyruvate becomes possible. 
B)  The citric acid cycle is initiated. 
C)  ATP is produced at a higher rate. 
D)  NAD+ is regenerated for use in glycolysis. 
E)  Pyruvate becomes available to enter mitochondrial matrix reactions.

Question 10

During which of the following processes is ATP NOT produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cellular respiration by itself 
B)  Glycolysis by itself 
C)  Fermentation by itself

Question 11

Which of the following parts of the mitochondria is (are) directly involved in the synthesis of ATP during chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inner membrane only 
B)  Matrix only 
C)  Matrix and inner membrane 
D)  Outer membrane only 
E)  Inner and outer membranes

Question 12

Within a cell undergoing anaerobic metabolism of glucose, fermentation occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A)  fluid portion of the cytoplasm. 
B)  nucleus. 
C)  mitochondrial matrix. 
D)  phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane. 
E)  stroma of the chloroplast.

Question 13

If ATP is made in the mitochondria, how does it provide energy for reactions in the cytoplasm of the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP diffuses into the cytoplasm through large pores in the outer membrane of the mitochondria out. 
B)  ATP is used to make glucose, which is transported to the cytoplasm. 
C)  ATP is pumped out from the intermembrane space of the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. 
D)  The energy in ATP is converted to NADH, which travels to the cytoplasm. 
E)  ATP is converted to ADP, which is transported to the cytoplasm and converted back to ATP.

Question 14

is a series of reactions, occurring under aerobic conditions, in which large amounts of ATP are produced from the breakdown of glucose.

Accepted Answer

The answer of is a series of reactions, occurring under...

Question 15

The conversion of glucose to lactate is a form of .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The conversion of glucose to lactate is...

Question 16

During the final events of cellular respiration, oxygen combines with to form .

Accepted Answer

A)  energy-depleted electrons and carbon; CO2 
B)  carbon only; CO2 
C)  energy-depleted electrons only; water 
D)  hydrogen ions only; water 
E)  energy-depleted electrons and hydrogen ions; water

Question 17

After fermentation in human cells, lactate is converted to pyruvate in the

Accepted Answer

A)  heart. 
B)  bone marrow. 
C)  muscles. 
D)  bloodstream. 
E)  lungs.

Question 18

Which of the following processes requires oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolysis 
B)  The ETC 
C)  The Krebs cycle 
D)  Fermentation

Question 19

During chemiosmosis, a hydrogen ion gradient is linked to the production of ATP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

During the glucose activation stage of glycolysis

Accepted Answer

A)  two ATP molecules are used to make one fructose bisphosphate molecule. 
B)  there is a net gain of two ATP molecules. 
C)  there is a conversion of two G3P molecules to two pyruvate molecules. 
D)  fructose bisphosphate is split into two G3P molecules. 
E)  there is a net gain of four ATP molecules.

Exam 8: Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

The organelles responsible for the bulk of ATP production via cellular respiration are the .