Question 1

A scout troop sets out on a backpacking trip.Soon, an unexpected storm gets them drenched, and the troop leaders discover that few boys have packed warm clothes.Several scouts start shivering uncontrollably, a sign of hypothermia.The leaders call off the trip and the group heads back to their cars.This shivering response was

Accepted Answer

A) an attempt to produce heat by burning large amounts of ATP. 
B) a maladaptive response that wastes energy. 
C) an attempt to produce heat by creating friction with their clothing. 
D) a social signal that evolved to alert adults to take action.

Question 2

The most abundant protein in mammals is collagen.This strong, ropelike molecule is particularly abundant in which tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) heart muscle 
B) spinal cord 
C) ligaments 
D) skeletal muscle

Question 3

It's the ninth inning, and the bases are loaded.As the pitcher winds up to throw the ball, how does each tissue in his arm contribute to this critical pitch? The ___________ of his fingers grips the ball.His __________ sends instructions that trigger his ___________ to contract.His ______________ provides stability and transmits the force produced.

Accepted Answer

A) ectoderm; ectoderm; mesoderm; endoderm 
B)  connective tissue; nerve tissue; muscle tissue; epithelial tissue 
C) epithelium; ectoderm; mesoderm; endoderm 
D)  epithelial tissue; nerve tissue; muscle tissue; connective tissue

Question 4

Why are epithelial membranes not very thick?

Accepted Answer

A) Epithelial tissues are required to support other cells growing on top of the tissue. 
B) Epithelial tissues play a critical role in transport, and must be thin to allow diffusion to occur. 
C) Epithelial tissues can only reach a certain thickness because their growth is constrained by microtubules inside the cell membrane. 
D) Thick epithelial tissues would collapse due to the drying effect of the environment.

Question 5

Which is another name for bone cells that remain alive even after the extracellular matrix becomes hardened with calcium phosphate crystals?

Accepted Answer

A) osteocytes 
B) erythrocytes 
C) leukocytes 
D) fibrocytes

Question 6

What is the approximate Q10 value for most enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.2 
B) 2 
C) 5 
D) 10

Question 7

In 1822, the Canadian fur trader Alexis St.Martin was accidentally shot with a musket.The shot entered his left chest, fractured a rib, damaged the lungs, lacerated the diaphragm, perforated the stomach, and finally exited his body.Amazingly he survived, but the hole in his belly never completely healed.This allowed Dr.William Beaumont direct access to his stomach for experiments, and led to his discovery of the importance of stomach acid in digestion.Which body cavities did the musket shot pass through?

Accepted Answer

A) The shot entered the dorsal cavity and exited through the ventral cavity. 
B) The shot entered the thoracic cavity and exited through the abdominopelvic cavity. 
C) The shot entered the thoracic cavity and exited through the pleural cavity. 
D) The shot entered the pericardial cavity and exited through the pleural cavity.

Question 8

What are epithelial cells with a flat, irregular shape and tapered edges called?

Accepted Answer

A) columnar 
B) pseudostratified 
C) squamous 
D) cuboidal

Question 9

If a mammal suffered damage to the temperature sensor in its brain, what would be the result?

Accepted Answer

A) The integrating center would not receive inputs to compare to the set point.Body temperature could rise or fall to dangerous levels. 
B) Only the integumentary system is required to sense temperature changes.Body temperature would remain stable. 
C) The animal would have to rely on shivering instead of vasoconstriction to maintain body heat. 
D) The animal would fall back onto a more primitive ectothermic mode of regulation.

Question 10

Controversy surrounds the use of zinc-containing nasal sprays as a cold remedy, since they have been associated with anosmia (loss of smell).If true, this is likely due to the sprays damaging which tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) central nervous system 
B) osmic nerve 
C) peripheral nervous system 
D) neuroglial system

Question 11

After yet another patron dripped sweat on her desk, the clerk at the gym complained, "It's gross working at a gym, with everyone sweating all the time." "Yes," the manager replied, "and it's probably costing us more for ______________, but I'll bet we're saving on _____________________."

Accepted Answer

A) towels; heating 
B) weight machines; treadmills 
C) the water cooler; air conditioning 
D) the water cooler; towels

Question 12

A bride-to-be is enjoying a manicure and a facial before her hair is styled for the wedding.What organ system is being pampered?

Accepted Answer

A) lymphatic system 
B) integumentary system 
C) endocrine system 
D) digestive system

Question 13

When collagen is hydrolyzed it forms gelatin, the main ingredient of a jiggly dessert adored by children.What parts of a cow provide a rich source of collagen?

Accepted Answer

A) heart and other muscles 
B) brain 
C) glandular organs 
D) skin, tendons, and cartilage

Question 14

You are researching a family with a heritable disease whose symptoms include hyper-flexible joints, pliable skin, stretchy ligaments, and fragile muscles that tear easily.You plan to use genetic testing to determine the cause of the disease.Which gene do you sequence first?

Accepted Answer

A) actin 
B) epidermal growth factor 
C) myosin II heavy chain 
D) collagen

Question 15

In your Ph.D.research, you use thin slices of brain tissue to study neuronal signaling.You attach an electrode to a single neuron, but cannot detect any activity.What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

A) When you sliced the brain, you disconnected the cell from its dendrites. 
B) Neurons are not electrically active -- you should be recording neuroglia instead. 
C) When you sliced the brain, you disconnected the cell from its neuroglia. 
D) Excessive myelination is blocking inputs to the cell.

Question 16

You are an engineer at a power plant that creates large volumes of hot waste water, which disrupts the ecosystem of the river it drains into.Another part of the plant requires warm oil, and the plant uses large amounts of energy to heat it.Inspired by countercurrent exchange in whales, you save energy and benefit the environment by

Accepted Answer

A) running the oil pipes under the river after dumping in the hot waste water 
B) running the oil pipes around the waste water pipes, to allow heat transfer from water to oil 
C) running the waste water and oil through a single pipe 
D) adding a sensor, integrating center and effectors to control temperature in both pipes

Question 17

Which muscle contraction is involuntary?

Accepted Answer

A) cardiac only 
B) smooth only 
C) cardiac and smooth 
D) skeletal only

Question 18

Which of the following is not a level of organization in the vertebrate body?

Accepted Answer

A) cells 
B) bones 
C) tissues 
D) organs

Question 19

Low body temperature triggers adaptive responses to conserve heat.Once the integrating center detects that body temperature has risen, it will decrease these responses.What does this exemplify?

Accepted Answer

A) adaptation 
B) negative feedback 
C) positive feedback 
D) acclimatization

Question 20

To diagnose and treat a disease, a doctor must evaluate the patient's body at multiple levels of organization.Identify the level of organization relevant to each stage of the process described below.(1) As part of Fred's annual physical, the doctor examined his skin, fingernails and hair for signs of disease.Noticing an unusual lesion on his neck, the doctor referred Fred to a dermatologist.(2) Upon observing the lesion, the dermatologist said, "Yes, this looks like it could be a squamous cell carcinoma, a tumor in the epidermis of the skin." (3) The dermatologist carefully examined all of Fred's skin for signs of additional tumors, but did not find any.(4) The dermatologist removed the lesion and sent it for a biopsy.Under the microscope, the pathologist saw some cells with abnormal morphology and confirmed a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma.However, he noted that the margins of the lesion were clear of abnormal cells, and the tumor had been successfully removed.

Accepted Answer

A) organism, cell, tissue, organ 
B) organ system, tissue, organ, cell 
C) organ system, organ, tissue, cell 
D) organism, cell, organ system, tissue

Exam 42: The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation