Question 1

True or False: The brain controls organ system function only through direct contact with sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which statement does NOT correctly describe hormones that can directly enter a cell?

Accepted Answer

A) Steroid hormones can enter directly into cells because of their hydrophobic makeup. 
B) Water-soluble hormones can enter directly into cells because of their nonpolar makeup. 
C) Steroid hormones dissolve poorly in the plasma and are transported to target cells via special protein carriers. 
D) Once these hormones enter a cell, they bind to a cytoplasmic receptor and travel as a complex to the nucleus, or they may bind to the receptor after entering the nucleus.

Question 3

A middle-aged female patient complains of changes to her face.Her cheekbones and eyebrows have become more prominent, and her jaw is growing.You suspect acromegaly, a disorder caused by excessive growth hormone.She had no growth abnormalities in her youth.What do you suspect is the most likely cause of her problem?

Accepted Answer

A) a tumour of the pineal gland 
B) congenital mutation of the GH regulatory region 
C) a tumour of the anterior pituitary 
D) a tumour of the posterior pituitary

Question 4

Your doctor returns with your lab results and looks grave."I'm afraid," she says, "you seem to have a problem with your hypophysis." What do you say?

Accepted Answer

A) "Doctor, right now I'm interested in results, not testable ideas about how things work!" 
B) "Well, that's only responsible for one or two hormones, so it should be easy to treat." 
C) "Am I going to need insulin shots?" 
D) "Is it the posterior? Neurological problems run in my family."

Question 5

Women often receive synthetic oxytocin to induce childbirth or augment contractions.What is an important consideration about the use of synthetic oxytocin?

Accepted Answer

A) It is impossible to mimic its chemical structure, so it may act on other receptors and cause side effects. 
B) The synthetic form does not travel down motor neurons, so it is less effective than the natural form. 
C) It can be difficult to get the levels just right, so uterine contractions can be too strong. 
D) If you fail to simultaneously provide synthetic G protein, the hormone is ineffective.

Question 6

Beta-blockers are a class of drugs that target beta-adrenergic receptors, blocking the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine.These drugs are used to treat heart conditions, hypertension, glaucoma, and migraine headaches and are also used off-label to alleviate stage fright in performers.Since the beta-adrenergic receptor is a GPCR, what intracellular event is prevented by the use of a beta-blocker?

Accepted Answer

A) a protein kinase cascade, initiated by the receptor's intracellular kinase domain 
B) release of an activated G protein subunit bound to GTP 
C) transport of the receptor-hormone complex into the cell and the nucleus, where it would regulate transcription 
D) a protein phosphatase cascade, initiated by the receptor's intracellular phosphatase domain

Question 7

A ______ is a regulatory molecule that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland.

Accepted Answer

A) metabolite 
B) hormone 
C) peptide 
D) G protein

Question 8

If blood transports hormones throughout the body, how do they communicate with specific targets?

Accepted Answer

A) Special gateway valves in the blood vessels direct hormones to their target tissues. 
B) Special carrier proteins "walk" along microtubule tracts to deliver the hormones to their targets. 
C) Axonal pathfinding mediates the delivery of hormones to their specific targets. 
D) Only target tissues have receptors that allow them to receive the signal.

Question 9

There is a molecule in black licorice that inhibits an enzyme which normally limits activation of mineralocorticoid receptors.Thus, overconsumption of licorice can mimic the effect of excess aldosterone.What would be the result?

Accepted Answer

A) infertility in men 
B) hypertension (high blood pressure) due to insufficient potassium in the blood 
C) excessive body hair 
D) low blood pressure due to excessive potassium in the blood

Question 10

What lab tests would you order to find the source of the problem?

Accepted Answer

A) cortisol, LH, and FSH 
B) None -- the birth control pills include corticosteroid hormones.She should switch to another form of birth control. 
C) cortisol, ACTH, and CRH 
D) cortisol and ACTH

Question 11

Your cat has fleas! You look at the ingredients in the flea control ointment, and see that it contains methoprene, a juvenile hormone analog.What does this accomplish?

Accepted Answer

A) prevents flea larvae from maturing 
B) kills juvenile fleas 
C) reinvigorates the cat's immune system, to repel the fleas 
D) forces juvenile fleas to mature early, disrupting development of reproductive organs

Question 12

What is a primary function of growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) initiates stress response 
B) raises blood glucose level 
C) lowers blood glucose level 
D) stimulates bone growth

Question 13

Which of the following hormones regulates metamorphosis and molting in insects?

Accepted Answer

A) melatonin 
B) ecdysone 
C) estrogen 
D) somatostatin

Question 14

Which of the following hormones exerts its action by interacting with a receptor at the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

A) insulin 
B) cortisol 
C) testosterone 
D) estrogen

Question 15

Your general practitioner considers your unusual set of symptoms, and says, "You seem to have a problem with maintaining homeostasis in your body." Which type of specialist might the doctor refer you to? (Check two.)
_____ hematologist
__X__ endocrinologist
__X__ neurologist
_____ osteologist
_____ opthamologist
_____ obstetrician-gynecologist

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your general practitioner considers your unusual set...

Question 16

Ecdysone and juvenile hormone regulate molting and ____________ in insects.

Accepted Answer

A) metamorphosis 
B) sexual behavior 
C) body shape 
D) egg production

Question 17

Which is NOT an effect of the hormonal products of the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A) accelerate heartbeat 
B) stimulate synthesis of glycogen 
C) increase blood pressure 
D) reduce blood flow to the skin and digestive organs

Question 18

Choose the hormone that is NOT correctly matched with its chemical category.

Accepted Answer

A) polypeptides-ADH 
B) steroid-estradiol 
C) amine-FSH 
D) glycoprotein-LH

Question 19

Ultimately, the signal from a peptide hormone is typically conveyed to the effectors in the cell via the transfer of what molecular moiety?

Accepted Answer

A) nucleotide 
B) NO (nitric oxide) 
C) H2O 
D) phosphate group

Question 20

Which hormone helps with adaptation to long term stress?

Accepted Answer

A) glucocorticoids 
B) epinephrine 
C) insulin 
D) glucagon

Exam 45: The Endocrine System