Question 1

The Perpendicular style was popular in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   ​England
B)   ​Germany
C)   ​France
D)   ​Italy A

Question 2

Describe Mary's role at Chartres. What demonstrates her growing importance?

Accepted Answer

Mary's role at Chartres was initially as a relatively minor figure, as she was overshadowed by the more prominent figures of Jesus and the saints. However, her importance began to grow as the cult of the Virgin Mary gained popularity in the 12th and 13th centuries. This is demonstrated by the construction of the Chartres Cathedral, which was dedicated to Mary and became a major pilgrimage site for those seeking her intercession. Additionally, the cathedral's famous stained glass windows depict scenes from Mary's life, further emphasizing her growing importance in the religious and cultural life of Chartres. Overall, Mary's role at Chartres evolved from a secondary figure to a central focus of devotion, reflecting her growing importance in the religious landscape of the time.

Question 3

How do stained-glass windows differ from other forms of painting?

Accepted Answer

Stained-glass windows differ from other forms of painting in several significant ways:

1. **Materials and Technique**: Stained-glass windows are made by joining together colored pieces of glass using strips of lead called cames. The colors in stained glass come from the addition of metallic salts during its manufacture. Traditional painting, on the other hand, is done by applying pigments in a medium (like oil, acrylic, or watercolor) to a surface such as canvas, wood, or paper.

2. **Light Transmission**: Unlike traditional paintings that are viewed by reflected light, stained-glass windows are designed to be illuminated by transmitted light. This means that the light passes through the glass, creating a luminous effect that can change depending on the light source and intensity.

3. **Structural Elements**: Stained-glass windows often serve a structural purpose within a building, especially in the case of large windows in churches and cathedrals. They are not just decorative but are part of the architecture. Traditional paintings are usually hung on walls and do not contribute to the structural integrity of a building.

4. **Symbolism and Narrative**: While both stained-glass windows and paintings can convey narrative and symbolism, stained-glass windows have a long history of being used in religious settings to tell stories and teach lessons from the Bible or to depict saints and other religious figures. The way light interacts with the glass can also add to the spiritual or mystical experience of the imagery.

5. **Durability and Preservation**: Stained-glass windows can last for centuries if properly maintained, as the glass does not degrade as quickly as many paint pigments and canvases. However, the lead cames can deteriorate over time and may need to be replaced. Paintings, depending on the materials used, can be quite fragile and sensitive to light, temperature, and humidity.

6. **Craftsmanship and Production**: Creating stained-glass windows is a labor-intensive process that involves glass cutting, leading, and sometimes painting on glass with vitreous paint that is then fired in a kiln to fuse the paint to the glass. This requires a different set of skills and tools compared to traditional painting techniques.

7. **Interactivity with Environment**: The appearance of stained-glass windows can change throughout the day as the natural light shifts, and they can also affect the interior atmosphere of a space by coloring the light that enters. Paintings maintain a constant appearance regardless of the time of day or quality of light.

In summary, stained-glass windows are a unique form of art that combines craftsmanship, architectural integration, and the dynamic play of light to create an experience that is distinct from other forms of painting.

Question 4

How does this reflect the heritage of the Byzantine icon?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does this reflect the heritage of...

Question 5

During the Gothic era, _____ was the leading city for book illumination.

Accepted Answer

A)   ​Paris
B)   ​Naumburg
C)   ​Florence
D)   ​Venice

Question 6

Abbot Suger is credited with introducing Gothic forms at _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   ​Saint-Sernin
B)   ​Saint-Denis
C)   ​Sainte-Chapelle
D)   ​Notre-Dame, Paris

Question 7

The _____ style of the High Gothic was preferred by the court of Saint Louis.

Accepted Answer

A)   ​Perpindicular
B)   ​Fan vault
C)   ​Rayonnant
D)   ​Mannerist

Question 8

Attribute the images on the screen to a culture and give an approximate date. Give the reasons for your attributions, using complete sentences and referring to specific works discussed in class.
Suggested images, not in the text:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Attribute the images on the screen to...

Question 9

Which of the following is considered a masterpiece of the Rayonnant style?

Accepted Answer

A)   Reims Cathedral​
B)   ​Sainte-Chapelle
C)   ​Saint-Denis
D)   ​Chartres Cathedral

Question 10

What prompted the rebuilding of Saint-Denis, and why was Saint-Denis significant?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What prompted the rebuilding of Saint-Denis, and...

Question 11

At Naumburg Cathedral the decorative program commissioned by _____ included sculptures of the church's benefactors.

Accepted Answer

A)   ​Holy Roman emperor Frederick II
B)   ​Dietrich II of Wettin
C)   ​Nicholas of Verdun
D)   ​Philip von Heinsberg

Question 12

Although destroyed in the French Revolution, the decoration of the facade of Saint-Denis influenced later Gothic churches. What was the subject matter portrayed there and later on Chartres's Royal Portal?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although destroyed in the French Revolution, the...

Question 13

Which stylistic influence is evident in the Visitation sculptures?

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

What are mystery plays, and how does the naturalism of Giotto's art reflect them?

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Chartres Cathedral is considered the first High Gothic church. Which features designate it as High Gothic? Please consider new features in the plan, structure, and nave elevation. What overall visual qualities were achieved?

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

What are some of the possible sources for Giotto's style?

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

What provided evidence of the growing urbanization of life in the late Middle Ages?

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

The Cathedral of _____ was significant because it was the site of the coronation of French kings.

Accepted Answer

A)   Notre-Dame​
B)   ​Reims
C)   ​Naumburg
D)   ​Amiens

Question 19

How is the imagery and motifs appropriate for its patron?

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

In the late medieval period, several different trends existed in sculpture and painting. Citing examples, identify the different trends. What inspired these different stylistic manners? How did artists adopt or depart from their sources?

Accepted Answer

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Exam 7: Gothic and Late Medieval Europe