Question 1

Blood pressure that is consistently ________ or higher would indicate that you have hypertension.

Accepted Answer

A)  120/80
B)  140/90
C)  110/85
D)  100/75 B

Question 2

Most of the time, breathing is controlled by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hormones in blood plasma
B)  the spinal cord
C)  the circulatory system
D)  control centers in the brain stem D

Question 3

The figure below is from an experiment on athletes. The "live high, train low" group lived for 18 days in rooms with a simulated altitude of 3,000 m, while training (exercising)at 1,200 m. Use this information and this figure to answer the following questions. 
-The scientists who conducted this experiment were testing the hypothesis that living at high altitudes will boost red blood cell production, which can then affect stamina when training and competing at lower altitudes. Why did they measure the athletes' aerobic capacity, which is the maximum amount of oxygen used in one minute per kilogram of body weight?

Accepted Answer

A)  Red blood cells carry oxygen, which is needed for muscle function. An increased ability to take in oxygen should correspond to more red blood cells.
B)  Oxygen is needed for muscle function. More oxygen is needed to do the same amount of work at high altitude compared to low altitude.
C)  Athletes with high production of red blood cells need less oxygen than those with a low production of red blood cells. A

Question 4

A heart murmur occurs when there is a defect in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a heart valve
B)  the sinoatrial node
C)  arterioles
D)  the timing of the cardiac cycle

Question 5

Animals need O2 because it ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  plays a role in obtaining energy from food
B)  helps animals synthesize proteins
C)  is necessary to make CO2
D)  is needed to deliver hemoglobin to the cells of an animal's body

Question 6

-In this figure, what do the dissolved substances and water represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma
B)  erythrocytes
C)  leukocytes
D)  fibrinogen

Question 7

What path does a molecule of O2 take from the nose to the respiratory surface?

Accepted Answer

A)  pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus
B)  larynx → pharynx → trachea → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus
C)  pharynx → larynx → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus → trachea
D)  pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchiole → bronchus → alveolus

Question 8

Trace the path of a red blood cell in a circuit that takes it from the capillary bed of the right kidney to the capillary bed of the left kidney. Assume that you are doing this for an animal with a double circulation system.

Accepted Answer

A)  capillary bed of right kidney → venules → veins → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary arteries →? capillaries of lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → arteries → arterioles → capillary bed of left kidney
B)  capillary bed of right kidney → venules → veins → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary veins → capillaries of lungs → pulmonary arteries → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → arteries → arterioles → capillary bed of left kidney
C)  capillary bed of right kidney → venules → veins → left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary arteries → capillaries of lungs → pulmonary veins → right atrium → right ventricle → aorta → arteries → arterioles → capillary bed of left kidney
D)  capillary bed of right kidney → arterioles → arteries → aorta → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → capillaries of lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → left ventricle → veins → venules → capillary bed of left kidney

Question 9

The buildup of plaque in the walls of arteries results in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  leukemia
B)  atherosclerosis
C)  anemia
D)  low blood pressure

Question 10

The figure below is of an important molecule for oxygen transport. This figure shows that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin can bind to either oxygen or carbon dioxide
B)  a hemoglobin molecule can bind up to four molecules of oxygen
C)  a red blood cell contains four hemoglobin molecules
D)  each iron atom can bind four oxygen molecules

Question 11

Most oxygen is transported through the body ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dissolved in the blood
B)  dissolved in red blood cells
C)  bound to hemoglobin
D)  bound to dissolved iron

Question 12

The basic rhythm of the heartbeat is set by the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  systolic pressure
B)  EKG
C)  sinoatrial node
D)  "fight-or-flight" hormone

Question 13

In the human respiratory system, gas exchange occurs across the cells of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  diaphragm
B)  trachea
C)  bronchi
D)  alveoli

Question 14

The Antarctic icefishes are the only known vertebrates to lack hemoglobin. What would be LEAST likely to alter gas transport from the environment to an icefish's cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  higher oceanic temperatures from global warming
B)  higher concentrations of carbon monoxide in the water from pollution
C)  higher concentrations of carbon dioxide in the water from pollution
D)  an injury that reduces the surface area of gills

Question 15

An unknown liquid toxin in the environment appears to diffuse easily across respiratory surfaces. Which animal's respiratory surfaces would most likely come in contact with this toxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  leech
B)  stinkbug
C)  opossum
D)  spider

Question 16

What structure do insects use for gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

A)  lungs
B)  tracheae
C)  skin
D)  gills

Question 17

Scenario
Yawning is a reflexive action that is often associated with sleepiness. When a person yawns, the mouth opens, and a longer than normal breath of air is inhaled, followed by a longer than normal exhalation. Hypothesizing that yawning has a regulatory mechanism similar to breathing, scientists conducted an experiment on college students to test the effect of existing carbon dioxide levels on yawning. 
-Draw a graph that shows a relationship between carbon dioxide and yawning that supports the hypothesis of the scientists. To graph their results, the scientists would plot the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  number of yawns on the x-axis
B)  dependent variable on the x-axis
C)  level of carbon dioxide on the x-axis
D)  age of college students on the x-axis

Question 18

Examine the figure shown. During breathing in humans, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the diaphragm moves downward and the rib muscles contract, increasing the size of the chest cavity and decreasing the air pressure within the chest cavity
B)  the nasal cavities expand and the diaphragm relaxes
C)  the diaphragm and rib muscles contract, decreasing the size of the chest cavity and increasing the pressure within the chest cavity
D)  the diaphragm moves downward and the rib muscles relax, increasing the size of the chest cavity and decreasing the air pressure within the chest cavity

Question 19

How does a shark's cardiovascular system differ from that of a mammal?

Accepted Answer

A)  The shark's heart does not directly pump oxygenated blood to the systemic tissues.
B)  The shark's heart receives both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
C)  The shark's circulatory system has a pulmonary and a systemic circuit.
D)  The shark's blood is pumped through open-ended tubes.

Question 20

The figure below is from an experiment on athletes. The "live high, train low" group lived for 18 days in rooms with a simulated altitude of 3,000 m, while training (exercising)at 1,200 m. Use this information and this figure to answer the following questions. 
-What does the graph show about the experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  The increase in red blood cell production from living at a high altitude diminishes after returning to low altitude.
B)  Living at high altitude does not have an effect on red blood cell production.
C)  The increase in red blood cell production from living at a high altitude occurs from day 0.

Exam 23: Circulation and Respiration