Question 1

Professional chefs use terms such as mince,chop,dice,julienne,chiffonade,and so on to describe ways of cutting up food.Social scientists might argue that this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural relativism 
B)  cultural universals 
C)  ethnocentrism 
D)  linguistic relativity hypothesis 
E)  semiotics

Question 2

The emergence of machine production,based on the use of inanimate power sources,is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  agriculture 
B)  civilization 
C)  hunting 
D)  industrialization 
E)  pastoralism

Question 3

It is possible to have a society without a culture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A society is:

Accepted Answer

A)  an abstract ideal about what is good and bad 
B)  an enduring system of interrelationships that connects individuals 
C)  global interconnectedness 
D)  guidelines of behavior for interacting with people from different culture 
E)  a set of concrete rules of behavior

Question 5

How does American culture influence individuals' bodies? Describe at least three ways that we express culture through our bodies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does American culture influence individuals' bodies?...

Question 6

Are there any values or norms that could be considered universal? If so,what are they,and what evidence can you cite to show that they are truly universal? If not,what does this imply about our ability to understand cultures whose values are alien to our own?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Are there any values or norms that...

Question 7

Because of the recent so-called cultural turn in sociology,most sociologists now agree that:

Accepted Answer

A)  culture has nothing to do with day-to-day behavior 
B)  different people have different scripts in any encounter 
C)  the idea of a script is inapplicable to social analysis 
D)  they will widely disagree on this point 
E)  there is one correct interpretation of reality in social encounters

Question 8

All of the following are Western values promoted by the Internet that may contribute to the development of a global culture EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  consumerism 
B)  democracy 
C)  equality of the sexes 
D)  free speech 
E)  religious conservatism

Question 9

What type of society is best known for its development of large cities,pronounced inequality in wealth and power,rule by kings and emperors,written language,and flourishing art and science?

Accepted Answer

A)  civilized 
B)  hunting and gathering 
C)  industrial 
D)  pastoral 
E)  postindustrial

Question 10

According to sociobiologists,_______________ has led to female chastity and male promiscuity.

Accepted Answer

A)  reproductive strategy 
B)  religious doctrine 
C)  instinct 
D)  ethnocentrism 
E)  the decline of cultural values

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of the globalization of material culture?

Accepted Answer

A)  American businesses manufacture goods in other countries. 
B)  Japanese people are embracing individualism. 
C)  McDonald's restaurants are found around the world. 
D)  Most people around the world value gender equality. 
E)  Western-style service approaches are being adopted in Greenland.

Question 12

The resurgence of local cultures is a response to:

Accepted Answer

A)  global poverty 
B)  increasing globalization 
C)  lack of Internet access in some areas 
D)  stricter migration laws 
E)  worldwide economic crisis

Question 13

Assimilation acknowledges shared central cultural values and respects diversity and equality of different cultures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Explain how culture can be understood as a "tool kit" that includes a variety of "scripts." Use an example of a situation in which various people would use different "scripts" from their cultural "tool kit" and explain why these "scripts" would differ (e.g.,a job interview,a first date,meeting your significant other's parents,being stopped by law enforcement).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how culture can be understood as...

Question 15

What type of society is described as having very little inequality,no divisions of rich and poor,few differences in power,emphasis on cooperation rather than competition,participatory decision making,and an elaborate ceremonial life?

Accepted Answer

A)  agrarian 
B)  industrial 
C)  horticultural 
D)  hunting and gathering 
E)  pastoral

Question 16

Human behavior and cultural beliefs are:

Accepted Answer

A)  based on instinct 
B)  the result of natural selection 
C)  only slightly different in different societies 
D)  the same everywhere in the world 
E)  widely variable across societies.

Question 17

Many Americans were bothered to learn that a shop in Aspen,Colorado,was selling ski boots trimmed with dog fur imported from China,where dogs are eaten.The repulsion Americans felt is an example of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  concern for dog survival around the world 
B)  cultural relativism of Chinese culture 
C)  ethnocentrism of American culture 
D)  internalization of worldwide standards of behavior 
E)  universal distaste for harming humans' best friend

Question 18

Do you agree with the assertion that "most pupils in the United States would be outraged to find another student cheating on an exam"? Why (not)? Discuss this question in terms of your perception of American values and norms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Do you agree with the assertion that...

Question 19

The variety of products available from around the world on store shelves in American grocery stores indicates the degree to which the world has become:

Accepted Answer

A)  dominated by countries in the global south 
B)  dominated by Western culture 
C)  separated into isolated nation-states 
D)  a single, global social system 
E)  too dependent on American consumers

Question 20

Which of the following norms is a cultural universal?

Accepted Answer

A)  competition 
B)  individualism 
C)  personal space between two people 
D)  prohibition against incest 
E)  smiling when you enter an elevator

Exam 3: Culture And Society