Question 1

The use of debriefing in a study such as Milgram's obedience study appeals to which principle of the Belmont Report?

Accepted Answer

A)  Principle of beneficence 
B)  Principle of integrity 
C)  Principle of respect for persons 
D)  Principle of justice

Question 2

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1: Dr.Kushner is planning on conducting a study next semester.He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance.For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr.Kushner is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then wake them.After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr.Kushner plans to let them return to sleep.As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure.He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session.The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. Dr.Kushner's decision about the type of participants to recruit should be informed by which of the following principles of the Belmont Report?

Accepted Answer

A)  The principle of integrity 
B)  The principle of respect for persons 
C)  The principle of beneficence 
D)  The principle of justice

Question 3

The American Psychological Association's ethical guidelines have principles and standards.

Accepted Answer

A)  3; 10 
B)  3; 8 
C)  3; 5 
D)  5; 10

Question 4

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1: Dr.Kushner is planning on conducting a study next semester.He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance.For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr.Kushner is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then wake them.After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr.Kushner plans to let them return to sleep.As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure.He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session.The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. Dr.Kushner plans to tell his participants that the reason he is waking them up during the night is to recalibrate the EEG machine.This would be an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deception through omission 
B)  Deception through commission 
C)  Deception through permission 
D)  Deception through exception

Question 5

The aim of the Tuskegee Study was to examine which disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Syphilis 
B)  HIV 
C)  Tuberculosis 
D)  Smallpox

Question 6

All of the following are true of institutional review boards (IRBs) in the United States EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  IRBs can be found in settings other than colleges and universities. 
B)  IRBs are mandated by federal law. 
C)  IRBs must have a psychologist as a member. 
D)  IRBs must have at least five members.

Question 7

RESEARCH STUDY 4.2: Dr.Van Ryan is a social psychologist who is curious about how clothing affects people's perceptions.Specifically, she is curious how women who wear high heels are perceived in the workplace.Does the addition of height make co-workers take them more seriously? Are women who wear high heels seen as less professional? She is considering using an experimental design where some participants are instructed to wear high heels to work for a week and some participants are instructed to wear flat shoes.Each day of the week, Dr.Van Ryan will have the women's employer and co-workers rate how competent and professional the female participant is.
What is the principle of beneficence? Explain how the principle of beneficence needs to be addressed by Dr.Van Ryan as she considers conducting her study.

Accepted Answer

The answer of RESEARCH STUDY 4.2: Dr.Van Ryan is a...

Question 8

The need to balance the potential costs and benefits to participants taking part in a research study is done to address which principle of the Belmont Report?

Accepted Answer

A)  The principle of respect for persons 
B)  The principle of justice 
C)  The principle of beneficence 
D)  The principle of integrity

Question 9

Which of the following has been used as a defense of animal research by animal researchers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animal research has resulted in many benefits to both animals and humans. 
B)  Animal research requires less research funding than human research. 
C)  Animal research is less likely to result in physical harm to the subject compared to human research. 
D)  Animal research has not had the same types of scandals that human research has had (e.g., the Tuskegee Study).

Question 10

Explain the difference between deception through omission and deception through commission in a research study.Why would a researcher want to deceive his/her participants? Why should researchers be careful about using deception?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the difference between deception through omission...

Question 11

The principle of justice calls for a balance between and .

Accepted Answer

A)  costs to the participant; benefits to the participant 
B)  needing to deceive participants; needing to obtain informed consent 
C)  the interests of the researcher; the interests of the institutional review board (IR
B)  
D)  the kind of people who participate in research; the kind of people who benefit from it

Question 12

When determining whether a study should be conducted, we have to balance which two issues?

Accepted Answer

A)  The costs of conducting the study vs. the benefits gained by the researcher 
B)  The type of people negatively affected vs. the type of people positively affected 
C)  The potential risks to participants vs. the value of knowledge we can gain 
D)  The number of people negatively affected vs. the number of people positively affected

Question 13

Why is it unethical to provide an incentive that is too large to refuse (for example, offering undergraduate students free tuition for a semester for participating in a study)?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is unfair to other researchers who cannot afford to pay participants. 
B)  It unduly influences people into participating. 
C)  It is unfair to people who choose not to participate in the study. 
D)  It is not unethical to do this.

Question 14

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1: Dr.Kushner is planning on conducting a study next semester.He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance.For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr.Kushner is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then wake them.After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr.Kushner plans to let them return to sleep.As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure.He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session.The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. Dr.Kushner is deciding whether he needs to give participants a reason for waking them up several times during the night.He knows that he cannot tell them the real reason, but he is unsure whether he should deceive them (give them a false reason why he is waking them up) or provide them with no cover story at all.Which of the following issues should be considered most heavily when deciding whether to use deception?

Accepted Answer

A)  Whether his institutional review board (IR
B)  will approve the use of deception 
B)  Whether he can create a convincing story that his participants will believe 
C)  Whether he can conduct the study just as well without deception 
D)  Whether his participants will be angry when they find out he used deception

Question 15

You submit a study for approval by the institutional review board (IRB), and they tell you that written informed consent is required.Which of the following can be excluded from your informed consent document?

Accepted Answer

A)  A statement of benefits 
B)  A statement of risks 
C)  A description of the study's hypotheses 
D)  A list of procedures

Question 16

Why is plagiarism a violation of ethics?

Accepted Answer

A)  It violates an APA standard. 
B)  It violates a Belmont principle. 
C)  It is akin to lying. 
D)  It makes psychology researchers look bad.

Question 17

A local committee that reviews research that is conducted on animals is known as .

Accepted Answer

A)  an IACUC 
B)  an AIRB 
C)  an AWA 
D)  an IRB

Question 18

Under what conditions is debriefing necessary? What should be included in a debriefing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Under what conditions is debriefing necessary? What...

Question 19

Your professor says that researchers do not make ethical decisions alone.What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Researchers must conduct research with other researchers. 
B)  Researchers must discuss their ethical choices with their participants. 
C)  Researchers must consult with lawyers before they conduct a study. 
D)  Researchers must consider the opinions of others, including institutional review board (IR
B)  members and peers.

Question 20

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1: Dr.Kushner is planning on conducting a study next semester.He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance.For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr.Kushner is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then wake them.After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr.Kushner plans to let them return to sleep.As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure.He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session.The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. Dr.Kushner asks his participants to provide informed consent.Doing this is adhering to which principle of the Belmont Report?

Accepted Answer

A)  The principle of beneficence 
B)  The principle of justice 
C)  The principle of integrity 
D)  The principle of respect for persons

Exam 4: Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research