Question 1

What effect did the advent of agriculture have on the level of interpersonal violence seen in the archaeological record?

Accepted Answer

A)  Violence increased. 
B)  Violence decreased. 
C)  Violence stayed about the same. 
D)  Intercultural violence increased.

Question 2

A round cross section of a long bone suggests that the bone will

Accepted Answer

A)  have greater strength through one of its axes. 
B)  have less strength through its y-axis. 
C)  have equal strength in all directions. 
D)  break given a small amount of tension.

Question 3

The core of the adaptive success characterized by population explosion was the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  a decreased food supply. 
B)  an increased food supply. 
C)  agriculture. 
D)  a sedentary lifestyle.

Question 4

The adoption of agriculture resulted in

Accepted Answer

A)  widespread weight gain. 
B)  increased infectious disease. 
C)  an increase in health generally. 
D)  a decrease in infectious disease.

Question 5

By the close of the Pleistocene, the human population numbered

Accepted Answer

A)  several thousand. 
B)  7 billion. 
C)  several million. 
D)  1 billion.

Question 6

During your lab you are asked to identify the pathological feature of spongy bone invading the eye socket that occurs in the interior upper surface of the eye sockets; you diagnose the condition as

Accepted Answer

A)  porotic hyperostosis, resulting from iron-deficiency anemia. 
B)  periosteal reaction, resulting from changes in diet. 
C)  ameloblasts, resulting from changes in diet and parasitic infection. 
D)  cribra orbitalia, resulting from iron-deficiency anemia or parasitic infection.

Question 7

What two models discuss how innovations spread? By what mechanism did wheat spread from the Levant into Europe?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What two models discuss how innovations spread?...

Question 8

Domestication of plants and animals led to stable food supplies during the Holocene; however, it also resulted in significant environmental and health problems.Discuss these problems in terms of natural selection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Domestication of plants and animals led to...

Question 9

Based on the archaeological record from various areas, an initial effect of agriculture was that

Accepted Answer

A)  people became shorter. 
B)  people became taller. 
C)  people's height remained the same, but they became more robust. 
D)  women became taller while men became shorter.

Question 10

Comparisons of the bones from hunter-gatherers to later agriculturalists to modern peoples show

Accepted Answer

A)  a remarkable decline in size. 
B)  an increase in size. 
C)  variation in size to a high degree. 
D)  a near vanishing of sexual dysmorphism in body size.

Question 11

Agricultural foods eventually shifted nutrition from a generalized diet to one focused on

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  high levels of fat. 
C)  poorer-quality protein. 
D)  carbohydrates and poorer-quality protein.

Question 12

The human population increase of the Holocene was probably due to

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in disease as a result of sedentism. 
B)  more effective medical practices. 
C)  decreased birth spacing. 
D)  a dramatic increase in nutritional quality as a result of agriculture.

Question 13

________ iron is found in some foods that provide all the amino acids humans require in their diet.

Accepted Answer

A)  Heme 
B)  Nonheme 
C)  Flat 
D)  Raw

Question 14

Agriculture resulted in

Accepted Answer

A)  higher-quality nutrition. 
B)  a stable, healthy food source. 
C)  population sedentism and crowding. 
D)  a shift in social dynamics, resulting in larger families.

Question 15

Parasitic infections are a primary cause of ________ in many regions of the globe.

Accepted Answer

A)  iron-deficiency anemia 
B)  Staphylococcus aureus 
C)  treponematoses 
D)  endemic disease

Question 16

Tooth size and jaw size have reduced in the last ________ yBP.

Accepted Answer

A)  17,000 
B)  10,000 
C)  6,000 
D)  3,000

Question 17

Comparisons between hunter-gatherers and later agriculturalists show

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in tooth size. 
B)  greater robusticity of the long arm bones only. 
C)  a decline in skull size. 
D)  an increase in bone density.

Question 18

The frequent occurrence of agriculture around the world was accompanied by which two phenomena?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in population size and food shortages 
B)  a change in climate and consequent changes in environment 
C)  the distribution of land wealth and trade of produce 
D)  a decline in nutritional quality and increase in infectious disease

Question 19

Hunter-gatherers' skeletons tend to show

Accepted Answer

A)  less osteoarthritis. 
B)  higher levels of activity. 
C)  lower workload/activity. 
D)  bones with lower density.

Question 20

What form of subsistence pattern is found in the Neolithic period? Name three geographic regions where Neolithic lifeways appeared independently.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What form of subsistence pattern is found...

Exam 13: The Past 10,000 Years: Agriculture, Population, Biology