Question 1

With a flail chest injury, events during inspiration include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Air is sucked into the lung through the chest wall. 
B)  The mediastinum shifts toward the unaffected side. 
C)  The floating segment is pushed outward. 
D)  The trachea deviates toward the affected side.

Question 2

Which of the following values is always decreased with respiratory alkalosis (compensated or decompensated)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Serum bicarbonate 
B)  PaCO2 
C)  Serum pH 
D)  Urine pH

Question 3

Which factor usually causes metabolic acidosis to develop in association with hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anaerobic metabolism 
B)  Failure to excrete CO2 
C)  Liver dysfunction 
D)  Increased blood volume

Question 4

Why does cor pulmonale develop with chronic pulmonary disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  The right ventricle pumps more blood than the left ventricle. 
B)  Pulmonary fibrosis and vasoconstriction increase vascular resistance. 
C)  Demands on the left ventricle are excessive. 
D)  Blood viscosity is increased, adding to cardiac workload.

Question 5

The central chemoreceptors in the medulla are normally most sensitive to:

Accepted Answer

A)  low oxygen level. 
B)  low concentration of hydrogen ions. 
C)  elevated oxygen level. 
D)  elevated carbon dioxide level.

Question 6

Which of the following does NOT apply to carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

A)  It diffuses across membranes much more easily than does oxygen. 
B)  It is carried in blood as carbaminohemoglobin. 
C)  It can be converted into bicarbonate ion. 
D)  It is replaced on hemoglobin by oxygen in the lungs.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a cause of pulmonary edema?

Accepted Answer

A)  Left-sided congestive heart failure 
B)  Excessive blood volume (overload) 
C)  Inhalation of toxic gases 
D)  Hyperproteinemia and increasing osmotic pressure of the blood

Question 8

What would be the most effective compensation for respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The kidneys eliminating more bicarbonate ions 
B)  The kidneys producing more bicarbonate ions 
C)  The kidneys reabsorbing more hydrogen ions 
D)  An increase in respiratory rate

Question 9

Histoplasmosis is caused by a:

Accepted Answer

A)  fungus. 
B)  virus. 
C)  bacillus. 
D)  protozoa.

Question 10

Signs and symptoms of acute sinusitis usually include:

Accepted Answer

A)  serous nasal discharge and chronic cough. 
B)  copious frothy sputum and dyspnea. 
C)  severe localized pain in the facial bone and tenderness in the face. 
D)  fetid breath and sore throat.

Question 11

The mutated gene for cystic fibrosis is located on the:

Accepted Answer

A)  seventh chromosome. 
B)  tenth chromosome. 
C)  fifteenth chromosome. 
D)  X chromosome.

Question 12

What happens in the lungs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax?

Accepted Answer

A)  Air is forced out of the lungs. 
B)  Lung volume increases. 
C)  Intrapulmonic pressure decreases. 
D)  Intrapleural pressure decreases.

Question 13

During an acute asthma attack, how does respiratory obstruction occur?
1) Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
2) Edema of the mucosa
3) Increased secretion of thick, tenacious mucus
4) Contraction of elastic fibers

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 3 
C) 2, 3 
D) 2, 4

Question 14

What is a large-sized pulmonary embolus likely to cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypertension and left-sided heart failure 
B)  Atelectasis and respiratory failure 
C)  Hypotension and right-sided heart failure 
D)  Pleural effusion and atelectasis

Question 15

Development of emphysema in a nonsmoker may be the result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a genetic factor. 
B)  obesity. 
C)  vitamin deficiencies. 
D)  a developmental defect.

Question 16

Which of the following drugs is usually prescribed for prophylaxis in persons in close contact with a patient with active tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptomycin 
B)  Isoniazid 
C)  Rifampin 
D)  streptomycin

Question 17

Which of the following predisposes to postoperative aspiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reduced pressure of the abdominal organs on the diaphragm 
B)  Depression of the vomiting center by anesthetics and analgesics 
C)  Vomiting caused by drugs or anesthesia 
D)  Lack of food intake for the previous 24 hours

Question 18

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to M. tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microbes can survive for a long time inside tubercles. 
B)  The bacilli can survive some adverse conditions such as drying and heat. 
C)  Infection is limited to the lungs. 
D)  The bacilli can be destroyed by antibacterial drugs.

Question 19

How does total obstruction of the airway lead to atelectasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased surfactant production impairs lung expansion. 
B)  The involved lung is compressed. 
C)  Air is absorbed from the alveoli distal to the obstruction. 
D)  Air continues to be inspired but is trapped distal to the obstruction.

Question 20

Which factors contribute to postoperative atelectasis?
1) Decreased secretions in the airways
2) Drug-related respiratory depression
3) Abdominal distention and pain
4) Excessive deep-breathing and coughing

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 2, 3 
C) 3, 4 
D) 1, 4

Exam 13: Respiratory System Disorders