Question 1

One of the most important controls of hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen is:

Accepted Answer

A)   glucose.
B)   2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) .
C)   K+.
D)   Ca++. B

Question 2

The RBC membrane is relatively permeable to all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)   chloride.
B)   sodium.
C)   bicarbonate.
D)   water. B

Question 3

Which metabolic pathway is responsible for generating 90% of the ATP for the RBC?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pentose phosphate shunt
B)   Luebering-Rapoport shunt
C)   Glycolysis
D)   Methemoglobin reductase C

Question 4

Name the main lipid components of a red blood cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

A)   Phospholipid
B)   Sphingomyelin
C)   Glycolipid
D)   Glycophorin A

Question 5

Which of the following is not a commercial system approved by the FDA for screening for bacterial contamination in platelet collections?

Accepted Answer

A)   BacT/ALERT
B)   eBDS
C)   BACTEC
D)   Scansytems

Question 6

Red blood cells frozen using the high-concentration glycerol technique are usually stored at

Accepted Answer

A)   0oC
B)   -20oC
C)   -65oC
D)   -80oC

Question 7

Proper agitation of platelets while they are being stored is:

Accepted Answer

A)   important because when not agitated properly the platelets will stick together and not perform properly when transfused.
B)   important because the pH of the stored platelets will increase and the platelets will lose functionality.
C)   important because the pH of the stored platelets will decrease and the platelets will lose functionality.
D)   not important because it has been deemed unnecessary by the FDA.

Question 8

Which type of blood storage container is no longer available for use in the United States because it may limit the viability of RBCs?

Accepted Answer

A)   Glass bottles
B)   PVC plastic bags with DEHP
C)   DEHP-free polyolefin containers
D)   Latex-free plastic containers

Question 9

Which of the following is licensed additive solutions approved for the storage of red blood cells for 42 days?

Accepted Answer

A)   Adsol (AS-1) 
B)   Nutricel (AS-3) 
C)   Optisol (AS-5) 
D)   All of the above

Question 10

All of the following areas of red blood cell biology are crucial for normal erythrocyte survival except:

Accepted Answer

A)   cellular metabolism.
B)   RBC membrane.
C)   site of the ABO antigen attachment.
D)   hemoglobin structure.

Question 11

Which metabolic pathway permits the accumulation of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG)?

Accepted Answer

A)   Glycolysis
B)   Luebering-Rapoport shunt
C)   Pentose phosphate shunt
D)   Methemoglobin reductase

Question 12

What is the major biochemical consideration in platelet storage?

Accepted Answer

A)   Glucose metabolism
B)   Oxygen supply
C)   Production of carbon dioxide
D)   Regulation of pH

Question 13

The ABO blood groups were discovered in 1901 by whom?

Accepted Answer

A)   Charles Drew
B)   Karl Landsteiner
C)   Loutit and Mollison
D)   Edward Lindeman

Question 14

What does the term autologous transfusion refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)   A parent donating blood for his or her child
B)   An individual donating blood for a friend
C)   An individual donating blood for a relative
D)   An individual donating blood for his or her own transfusion

Question 15

Which of the following is a possible future method in pathogen reduction to treat platelet components?

Accepted Answer

A)   UV light and amotosalen
B)   Amphotericin B
C)   Vitamin B12 and UV light
D)   Penicillin

Question 16

The normal position of the oxygen dissociation curve depends on three ligands normally found within the RBC. Which one of the following is not one of these ligands?

Accepted Answer

A)   H+ ions
B)   CO2
C)   2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) 
D)   Na+

Question 17

What is the normal life span of an RBC?

Accepted Answer

A)   100 days
B)   120 days
C)   120 hours
D)   2 days

Question 18

Why are platelet transfusions performed?

Accepted Answer

A)   Therapeutically to stop bleeding
B)   Prophylactically to prevent bleeding
C)   Both reasons.
D)   Neither reason.

Question 19

All of the following biochemical changes are associated with loss of red blood cell viability upon storage except:

Accepted Answer

A)   decreased pH.
B)   loss of red blood cell function.
C)   increased ATP level.
D)   decreased glucose consumption.

Question 20

What is the correct biochemical composition of the RBC membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)   52% protein, 40% lipid, 8% carbohydrate
B)   40% protein, 8% lipid, 52% carbohydrate
C)   8% protein, 52% lipid, 40% carbohydrate
D)   8% lipid, 40% carbohydrate, 52% protein

Exam 1: Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends