Question 1

Which of the following is a shortcoming of sociobiology?

Accepted Answer

A)  It rests on an outmoded model of evolutionary theory.
B)  It includes the survival of the group in its analysis.
C)  It fails to value the importance of reproduction in survival.
D)  it doesn't study the mating preferences of females. A

Question 2

Why is sexuality important in all societies?

Accepted Answer

According to Reiss, sexuality is important in all societies for reasons beyond that of procreation.The universal importance of sexuality can be attributed to the fact that it is associated with great physical pleasure and self-disclosure of one's body, thoughts, and feelings.Humans find great value in the physical pleasure and psychic satisfaction associated with sex.These are also the basic elements of social bonding.

Question 3

In the study of human sexuality, sociologists:

Accepted Answer

A)  assume that human sexuality shapes society and not vice versa.
B)  believe the sexuality of members is indifferent to institutions like family and religion.
C)  learn by observing primitive societies not by observing urban societies.
D)  assume that the culture in which sexual behavior occurs determines its appropriateness. D

Question 4

According to Freud, with puberty, sexual urges reawaken and the child moves into the _____ stage of psychosexual development.

Accepted Answer

A)  genital
B)  oral
C)  anal
D)  phallic

Question 5

Which of the following is true of evolutionary psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  It doesn't recognize that every observable human characteristic has adaptive significance.
B)  It allows for the fact that some traits displayed by humans may be simply "design flaws".
C)  It believes that human cognitive structures evolved over the years just as human behavior did.
D)  It believes that men and women are identical when it comes to their mating preferences.

Question 6

Freud believed that the two major forces of motivating human behavior are the:

Accepted Answer

A)  libido and thanatos.
B)  id and ego.
C)  ego and superego.
D)  Odiepal and Electra complex.

Question 7

Which of the following is true about a woman's hip-to-waist ratio?

Accepted Answer

A)  The preference for a 0.7 hip-to-waist ratio by men is hardwired into their brains by evolution.
B)  The preference for a 0.7 hip-to-waist ratio by men has been proven to exist across all cultures.
C)  The 0.7 hip-to-waist ratio is most common in societies where women are economically dependent on men.
D)  The 0.7 hip-to-waist ratio is most common in societies where women are financially sustainable.

Question 8

_____ is a process in nature resulting in the survival of only those animals and persons that are best adapted to their environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Existentialism
B)  Natural selection
C)  Structural functionalism
D)  Environmentalism

Question 9

Steve regularly surprises his wife, Marcie, with flowers and gifts and always tries to make her feel special by taking her out to fancy restaurants and on holidays.However, Marcie often takes him for granted and does not truly appreciate what he does for her.According to the social exchange theory:

Accepted Answer

A)  Steve's rewards are greater than his costs.
B)  Steve's costs are greater than his rewards.
C)  Steve's rewards are greater than Marcie's rewards.
D)  Steve's costs are less than Marcie's costs.

Question 10

Within the Freudian framework, a nun who takes a vow of celibacy and devotes her life to helping the poor has a:

Accepted Answer

A)  weak ego.
B)  strong id.
C)  weak superego.
D)  strong superego.

Question 11

Explain the concept of parental investment.What does research say about parental investment in non-genetic offspring?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the concept of parental investment.What does...

Question 12

According to Freud, identification with the same-gender parent occurs at the conclusion of the _____ stage of psychosexual development.

Accepted Answer

A)  anal
B)  oral
C)  rectal
D)  phallic

Question 13

Freud was criticized by feminists because:

Accepted Answer

A)  he believed that girls were fixated on their mothers during the phallic stage.
B)  he considered women to be biologically inferior to men.
C)  he studied the sexual desires and preferences of women and not men.
D)  he believed that boys were hostile toward their mothers during the phallic stage.

Question 14

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the first stage of psychosexual development a child goes through is the _____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  phallic
B)  anal
C)  oral
D)  genital

Question 15

Leah's boyfriend always wears a particular brand of cologne during their dates and sexual encounters.Now, whenever she meets a man wearing the same cologne, she feels sexually aroused.This learning is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning.
B)  operant conditioning.
C)  the Oedipus complex.
D)  the Electra complex.

Question 16

Which of the following is true of the social learning theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  It recognizes the processes of imitation and identification.
B)  It states that sexual behavior is innate and cannot be cultivated.
C)  It proves conclusively that media has little or no influence upon young children.
D)  It proves conclusively that the environment plays no role in shaping a person's behavior.

Question 17

Which of the following is true of olfactory aversion therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  The patient perceives the problematic behavior to be under his or her control.
B)  The aversive stimulus is ineffective if administered by the patient.
C)  The method cannot be used to treat deviant sexual behavior in adults.
D)  The method mimics aromatherapy and releases fragrances that soothe the mind.

Question 18

According to Freud, which component of human personality operates on the pleasure principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ego
B)  Id
C)  Superego
D)  Libido

Question 19

In _____, behavior is punished using an unpleasant odor.

Accepted Answer

A)  aromatherapy
B)  olfactory aversion therapy
C)  homotherapy
D)  electroconvulsive therapy

Question 20

_____ theorists believe that sexual behavior can be changed at any time in one's lifespan.

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychoanalytic
B)  Sociobiologic
C)  Learning
D)  Deterministic

Exam 2: Theoretical Perspectives on Sexuality